ChemInform Abstract: APPARENT MOLAL VOLUMES OF AQUEOUS NAF, NA2SO4, KCL, K2SO4, MGCL2, AND MGSO4 SOLUTIONS AT 0 DEGREES AND 50 DEGREES

Millero, Frank J.; Knox, Jonathan H.

doi:10.1002/chin.197352024

Cited by 9 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Ϫ4.168596e-6 6.920e-9 1.0000 273.15-298.15 Krumgalz et al, 2000;Lo Surdo et al, 1982;Chen et al, 1980;Millero and Knox, 1973 Krumgalz et al, 2000;ICT 1928;Millero et al, 1977 B K,HCO 3 (1)V 7.527977e-2…”

Section: Pitzer-equation Volumetric Parametersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of pressure on aqueous chemical equilibria at subzero temperatures with applications to Europa

Marion

Kargel

Catling

et al. 2005

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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Section: Pitzer-equation Volumetric Parametersmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of pressure on aqueous chemical equilibria at subzero temperatures with applications to Europa

Marion

Kargel

Catling

et al. 2005

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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“…As shown in Fig. 5 18,22 , the concentration of water decreases as small amounts of Na 2 SO 4 are added to the water ( Fig. 5, upper panel).…”

Section: Nature Of Osmosis In Fluid Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The phrase 'solute-solvent drag' means the following: (1) solute pushes on and alters the solvent into which it is diffusing and will diffuse, (2) this altered solvent pulls on the solvent within the solution from which the solute is diffusing and (3) this pulled solvent within the solution is altered by the same amount as pure liquid solvent is altered by pulling on it an equal amount. The fact that solute drags on the water and alters the water through which it diffuses has been demonstrated experimentally 15,17,22 .…”

Section: The Concept Of 'Solute-solvent Drag'mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Aqueous then exits the eye via the canal of Schlemm, which is a meshwork confluence with the episcleral veins. Interestingly, the venous pressure, venous plasma osmolality (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), [Na þ ] and [K þ ] are all greater than those of aqueous [9][10][11] . With such differences in osmotic pressure, it was suggested that plasma water must diffuse into the eye at the venous end 12 .…”

Section: Physiological Inconsistencies Involving Cop Of Plasma and Flmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Osmotic effects of ions diffusing in capillary plasma can explain Starling's osmotic force in plasma–ISF exchange

Brechue

Hammel

2010

Comp. Exerc. Physiol.

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The exchange of water between plasma and interstitial fluid (ISF) along the length of a capillary is attributed to a balancing of the Starling forces, site-specific differences in hydrostatic and osmotic pressures that theoretically determine directional fluid movement. The osmotic forces for water movement are attributed to the osmotic effects of proteins, colloid osmotic pressure (COP). Several physiological inconsistencies question the role of proteins and COP in fluid flux. A reconsideration of Hulett's insights concerning the osmosis of water provides substantial evidence that the effect of COP does not cause osmosis, and therefore another force is needed to explain plasma-ISF exchange. Review of whole-body tissue and blood ion concentrations and/or ion differences across isolated tissue or secretory epithelia from a variety of species indicates that the diffusion of bicarbonate and strong ions within plasma is the dominant osmotic effect returning ISF to the capillary. Conceptually, as these ions diffuse along physiological gradients, they alter the chemical potential of water through which they are diffusing (solute-solvent drag), creating an osmotic effect on plasma water, and explain plasma-ISF exchange. Considering venous-arterial differences, diffusing HCO 2 3 and strong ions give rise to a net osmotic force (, 35 Torr) in venous end capillary plasma water that is coupled to ISF through pores in the endothelium. More importantly, diffusing HCO 2 3 and strong ions provide an incremental osmotic force (, 150 Torr) that is essentially matched to any change in metabolic rate (e.g. muscular work) when CO 2 output and water production are increased. The proposed diffusing ion osmotic force does not negate the necessity for colloidal proteins in volume regulation. Proteins can have an essential effect on fluid exchange in plasma when blood flow is intermittent or changes in protein concentration in the ISF such that proteins exert a force against a distensible boundary (i.e. the endothelium and basement membrane) as they are reflected by it or diffuse through the membrane due to changes in permeability.

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“…Figure 4 shows a sketch of the system, which was similar to the one I used during my summer work at the National Bureau of Standards (Millero, 1968). We made Oceanography September 2010 25 density measurements with the system on seawater (Millero and Lepple, 1973;Millero et al, 1976a) and a number of other major sea salts (Millero and Knox, 1973). Millero and Lepple (1973) made measurements on standard seawater (Cl(‰) = 19.374) and artificial seawater from 0 to 40°C.…”

Section: Equation Of State For Seawatermentioning

confidence: 99%

History of the Equation of State of Seawater

Millero¹

2010

Oceanog.

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ChemInform Abstract: APPARENT MOLAL VOLUMES OF AQUEOUS NAF, NA2SO4, KCL, K2SO4, MGCL2, AND MGSO4 SOLUTIONS AT 0 DEGREES AND 50 DEGREES

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of pressure on aqueous chemical equilibria at subzero temperatures with applications to Europa

Effects of pressure on aqueous chemical equilibria at subzero temperatures with applications to Europa

Osmotic effects of ions diffusing in capillary plasma can explain Starling's osmotic force in plasma–ISF exchange

History of the Equation of State of Seawater

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