ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalysis and Biomass Conversion in Alternative Reaction Media

Sheldon, Roger A.

doi:10.1002/chin.201644242

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 122 publications

(132 reference statements)

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“…They are composed of various cations and anions, for example, imidazolium, pyridinium, bromide (Br − ), and chloride (Cl − ) . Last several years, ILs have drawn wide attention owing to their unique excellent physical and chemical properties, such as low vapor pressure and nonvolatility, good thermal and chemical stability, and relatively high viscosity . These ILs as environmentally friendly chemicals are famous mainly because their vapor pressure is negligible compared to many inorganic and organic materials .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells induced by the imidazole ionic liquid 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride

Wang

Wan

Huo

et al. 2020

Environmental Toxicology

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This study purposes to assess the cytotoxicity of 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C 12 min]Cl) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells. To this end, HepG2 cells were exposed to a range concentration of [C 12 min]Cl and evaluated cell viability, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, cell cycle, and apoptosis-related gene expression to determine cytotoxicity. The outcomes showed that [C 12 min]Cl curbed HepG2 cell growth and reduced cell viability in a concentration-and time-dependent manner.Moreover, our assay results also revealed that exposure to [C 12 min]Cl prompted DNA damage and apoptosis, reduced SOD and GSH content, enhanced MDA level, and changed the cell cycle of HepG2 cells. In addition, [C 12 min] Cl caused alters in the expression levels of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2, indicating that p53 and Bcl-2 family may be involved in the cytotoxicity and apoptosis of HepG2 cells induced by [C 12 min]C1. In summary, these results indicate that [C 12 min]Cl exerts genotoxicity, physiological toxicity and prompts apoptosis in HepG2 cells, and is not an alleged green solvent. K E Y W O R D S apoptosis, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, ionic liquids, oxidative stress 1 | INTRODUCTION Ionic liquids (ILs) are low melting organic salts at room temperature and are considered a green substitute for industrial volatile organic compounds. 1-3 They are composed of various cations and anions, for example, imidazolium, pyridinium, bromide (Br − ), and chloride (Cl − ). 4 Last several years, ILs have drawn wide attention owing to their unique excellent physical and chemical properties, such as low vapor pressure and nonvolatility, 5,6 good thermal and chemical stability, 7,8and relatively high viscosity. 9 These ILs as environmentally friendly chemicals are famous mainly because their vapor pressure is negligible compared to many inorganic and organic materials. 5,10 Due to their unique properties, ILs are currently being used in a diverse range of applications, including ecology, 11,12 chemical engineering, 13 the medical field, 14 food industry, 15 textiles, 16 and electrochemistry. 17 However, many studies have shown that ILs may be released into aquatic environments via effluent discharges and accidental spills and cause damage to aquatic organisms. 18,19 For example, IL toxicity has been evaluated in microalgae, 20 fish, 21,22 and in Daphnia magna. 23 In addition, several previous studies also showed that ILs are cytotoxic to many classes of cells, such as the human HeLa cell line, 24 and PC12 cells. 25 In contrast, limited information is available on the toxic mechanism of ILs, which is important in risk evaluation.The human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line was derived from a hepatoblastoma at first and retains the structural and functional polarity that hepatocytes exhibit in vivo. 26 It plays a key role in the activation/detoxification of genotoxic procarcinogens and reflects the metabolism of such compounds in vivo better than experimental models with metabolically incompetent cells and exog...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells induced by the imidazole ionic liquid 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride

Wang

Wan

Huo

et al. 2020

Environmental Toxicology

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“…11 DESs can work as solvents, co-solvents or extracting solvents in specific biocatalytic reactions. 12 Remarkably, as solvents, DESs can activate and stabilize the enzymes achieving highest efficiencies. Up to date, several enzymes such as lipases, proteases and epoxide hydrolases have shown great catalytic performance in DES, demonstrating their potential to replace ILs and/or organic solvents in biocatalytic reactions.…”

Section: Scaled Up?mentioning

confidence: 99%

How do we drive deep eutectic systems towards an industrial reality?

Paiva

Matias

Duarte

2018

Current Opinion in Green and Sustainable Chemistry

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Deep eutectic systems (DES) have received considerable attention in the past 5 years of research.Up to 2013 little had been explored over these systems both in which concerns fundamentals and applications. The definition of a deep eutectic system is still controversial and in this manuscript we highlight the different definitions proposed in the literature and discuss what, in our opinion, should be pursued in order to have an agreement in the scientific community studying this field.From the definition of DES to its applications also interesting changes have been observed in the topics published. From electrochemistry to newer applications, such as cryopreservation, the field is evolving as new outcomes on DES properties are unraveled. We herein present and discuss new trends on DES research and present some perspectives on what we consider to be the most promising applications of DES at industrial scale.

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ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalysis and Biomass Conversion in Alternative Reaction Media

Abstract: Review: [163 refs.

Cited by 2 publications

References 122 publications

Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells induced by the imidazole ionic liquid 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride

Cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and apoptosis in HepG2 cells induced by the imidazole ionic liquid 1‐dodecyl‐3‐methylimidazolium chloride

How do we drive deep eutectic systems towards an industrial reality?

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