ChemInform Abstract: Ethylene Dimerization and Oligomerization to 1‐Butene and Linear . alpha.‐Olefins. A Review of Catalytic Systems and Processes

Abstract

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Selective Ethylene Dimerization Toward 1-butene by a New Highly Efficient Catalyst System and Determination of Its Optimum Operating Conditions in a Buchi Reactor

“…Improving ethylene pressure increased both ethylene conversion and overall selectivity to 1-butene. This observation could be interpreted as an indication that higher pressure ensures higher activity of catalyst due to improved diffusion of the monomer thought the reaction mixture to the active dimerization sites [1], [3]. The effect of pressure on yield of reaction was investigated in Fig.…”

“…1-butene is a four-carbon mono-olefin that is produced by a variety of methods as follows [1], [2]: 1) Refinery operations (isolation from fraction of C 4 of crude oil and petroleum products), 2) Steam cracking of C 4 hydrocarbons, 3) Butane dehydrogenation, 4) Catalytic ethylene dimerization, 5) Co-product from α-olefin manufacturing, 6) Butyl alcohol dehydration, and 7) Pyrolysis of butylacetate and butylchloride.…”

“…It is noteworthy that the selective dimerization of ethylene has been considered as economic route for the production of 1-butene with higher purity. The dimerization of ethylene is 1 Chemical Engineering Department, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran, Tel: +98 (21) 73 91 27 55 Fax: +98 (21) 77 240 495, e-mail address: parvari@iust.ac.ir 2 Group of the catalyst and polymer, Research and Development Center (R&D division), Arak Petrochemical Company (ARPC), Arak, Iran governed by three essential features that influence the formation of 1-butene. There are: a) the degree of polymerization, b) the mode of linking ethylene molecules and c) the position of the double bond [1].…”

“…The only commercial process of the ethylene dimerization is the IFP Alphabutol process (titanium based catalyst). Other processes based on different catalytic systems are assigned to Phillips (nickel based catalyst), MIT (neopentylidene tantalum complex) and Dow (triethylaluminum catalyst) [1]. Among several mechanistic postulations for the ethylene dimerization, the most generally accepted are:…”

“…Substantially, modifiers are polar additives when added to Ti(OC 4 H 9 ) 4 /TEA catalyst system are known to effect changes in the nature of active centers and have a profound effect on the catalyst activities and selectivities. On the other hand, modifier stabilizes the titanium (IV) complex and prevents from the formation titanium (III) complex which is responsible for the production of heavy compounds [1], [9].…”