“…Tabernaemontanus (1687) states that the powdered herb, when taken in wine may cure a 'stupid' brain and strengthens the head. It contains various iridoid glycosides, such as aucubin, catalpol and euphrosid, the lignan dehydrodiconiferylalcohol-4-d-glucoside, tannins and flavanoids (Sticher and Salama, 1981).…”