“…These compounds possess unique properties such as: well-defined structure, Brönsted acidity, possibility to modify their acid-base and redox properties by changing their chemical composition (substituted HPAs), ability to accept and release electrons, high proton mobility, being environmentally benign and presenting fewer disposal problems [36]. Because of their stronger acidity, they generally exhibit higher catalytic activity than conventional catalysts such as mineral acids, ion exchange resins, mixed oxides, zeolites, etc [37]. They are used as industrial catalysts for several liquid phase reactions [38], such as alcohol dehydration [39], alkylation [40] and esterification [41].…”