Chemistry and biochemistry of magnesium

Wolf, Federica I.; Cittadini, Achille

doi:10.1016/s0098-2997(02)00087-0

Cited by 335 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…73,74 In contrast, Mg is considered biocompatible and non-toxic [2][3][4][5][6][7] , and has been shown to increase the rate of bone formation 5,75 . Mg is also an important ion in the formation of the biological apatites that make up the bulk of bone mineral, a key part to new bone formation.…”

Section: Biocompatibility and Osteogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Magnesium biomaterials: past, present and future

Kirkland

2012

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

128

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Abstract:Following a reinvigorated interest in the late 1990s, magnesium (Mg) and its alloys have experienced increasing research attention in the realm of biomaterials. From essentially no papers on the topic several years ago, there are presently 10-15 articles published in international journals each week dealing with different aspects of Mg bio performance. Given the dynamic nature of the topic, many works reproduce a great deal of information in a non-systematic manner, and unfortunately also repeat the same systematic errors -which leads to many articles providing information of limited value. This review seeks to provide a succinct overview of the area, highlighting some of the most important considerations for this field, and suggesting critical improvements and changes that are needed to ensure the continual and efficient development of Mg biomaterials.

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Section: Biocompatibility and Osteogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…83 Mg has the unique position of being able to minimize all these issues. The gradual release of Mg ions in the body is dealt with effectively [2][3][4][5][6][7] . The corrosion of Mg in the body would result in an eventual complete degradation.…”

Section: Biocompatibility and Osteogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnesium biomaterials: past, present and future

Kirkland

2012

Corrosion Engineering, Science and Technology

128

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“…The concentration of Mg available for binding with NTP to form NTP-Mg complex, which is central to gene expression [12], is therefore treated as an effective total concentration in our mathematical model.…”

Section: +mentioning

confidence: 99%

Translation Inhibition and Resource Balance in the Cell-Free Gene Expression System

Nagaraj

Greene

Sengupta

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Quantifying the effect of vital resources on transcription and translation helps to understand the degree to which the concentration of each resource must be regulated for achieving homeostasis. Utilizing the synthetic transcription-translation (TX-TL) system, we study the impact of nucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) and magnesium (Mg 2+ ), on gene expression. Recent observations of the counterintuitive phenomenon of suppression of gene expression at high NTP concentrations have led to the speculation that such suppression is due to the consumption of resources by transcription, hence leaving fewer resources for translation. In this work, we investigate an alternative hypothesis: direct suppression of the translation rate via stoichiometric mismatch in necessary reagents. We observe NTP-dependent suppression even in the early phase of gene expression, contradicting the resource limitation argument. To further decouple the contributions of transcription and translation, we performed gene expression experiments with purified mRNA. Simultaneously monitoring mRNA and protein abundances allowed us to extract a time-dependent translation rate. Measuring translation rates for different Mg 2+ and NTP concentrations, we observe a complex resource dependence. We demonstrate that translation is the rate-limiting process that is directly inhibited by high NTP concentrations. Additional Mg 2+ can partially reverse this inhibition. In several experiments, we observe two maxima of the translation rate viewed as a function of both Mg 2+ and NTP concentration, which can be explained in terms of an NTP-independent effect on the ribosome complex and an NTP-Mg2 + titration effect. The non-trivial compensatory effects of abundance of different vital resources signals the presence of complex regulatory mechanisms to achieve optimal gene expression.

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“…Next to calcium, magnesium is the main mineral component which is necessary for the proper formation of the skeletal structure (FORMANOWICZ, FORMANOWICZ 2004, £ONIEWSKI 2003. On a cellular level, magnesium acts as an activator of many enzymes (NORONHA, MATUSCHAK 2002, PASTERNAK 2000, SARIS 2000, WOLF, CITTADINI 2003.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma calcium and magnesium concentrations in patients with fractures of long bones treated surgically

Bacher¹,

Sztanke²,

Sztanke³

et al. 2012

J. Elem.

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Bone fractures, especially when treated surgically, are connected with changes in the homeostasis of the elements of which bone compounds consist, as well as the ones which participate in controlling processes. Such changes influence both the fracture itself and the operative procedure. For successful treatment of broken bones, it can be crucial to bring the homeostasis of bioelements back to the normal state.Thus, the aim of this work has been to determine magnesium and calcium concentrations in plasma from patients with fractures of long bones, and to analyze changes in the examined elements depending on the time after the operative procedure, injury and patient's age.The research was conducted on the blood of patients: 1) with long bone fractures treated surgically, 2) after a limb amputation because of a fracture or injury, 3) with long bone fractures and with multiorgan injury. With respect to the patients' age, there were 3 groups: 1) patients aged 18-40 years, 2) patients aged 41-60 years, 3) patients older than 60 years. In the postoperative period, the patients were on a strict postoperative diet, receiving only i.v. 0.9% NaCl and 5% glucose solutions.Blood was taken from patients first directly after admittance to hospital and next on the first, third, fifth and seventh day after an operative procedure.Plasma calcium and magnesium concentrations were determined by the method of emission spectrometry with induction plasma (ICP-OES). The results were worked out statistically. The differences p<0.05 were taken into consideration as statistically significant.The research showed that in the blood plasma from patients with long bone fractures treated surgically, there were noticeable decreases of calcium and magnesium concentra-6 tions mainly on the first, third and fifth postoperative day. These changes depended on the extend of an operative procedure, but did not depend on the patients' age. However, with respect to magnesium, its statistically significant decrease was noticed in the group of oldest patients.In the postoperative period, it is especially important to pay attention to calcium and magnesium concentrations, and for patients over 60 years of age magnesium supplementation is necessary. Maintenance of macronutrient homeostasis in an organism can be crucial for the patient's convalescence process.Key words: calcium, magnesium, long bone's fractures, surgical treatment. OSOCZOWE STÊ¯ENIA WAPNIA I MAGNEZU U PACJENTÓW ZE Z£AMANIAMI KOOECI D£UGICH LECZONYCH OPERACYJNIE AbstraktZ³amania kooeci, szczególnie leczone operacyjnie, wi¹¿¹ siê ze zmianami homeostazy pierwiastków wchodz¹cych w sk³ad zwi¹zków buduj¹cych kooeci, a tak¿e bior¹cych udzia³ w procesach regulacyjnych. Wp³ywa na to zarówno samo z³amanie, jak i zabieg operacyjny. Normalizacja zaburzeñ w homeostazie biopierwiastków mo¿e mieae istotne znaczenie dla zrostu kooeci w procesie zdrowienia pacjenta ze z³amaniem.Celem pracy by³o oznaczenie stê¿eñ magnezu i wapnia w osoczu krwi pacjentów hospitalizowanych z powodu z³amañ kooeci d³ugich o...

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Chemistry and biochemistry of magnesium

Cited by 335 publications

References 4 publications

Magnesium biomaterials: past, present and future

Magnesium biomaterials: past, present and future

Translation Inhibition and Resource Balance in the Cell-Free Gene Expression System

Plasma calcium and magnesium concentrations in patients with fractures of long bones treated surgically

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