Chemistry and Biology of Glycosaminoglycans in Blood Coagulation

Barbucci, Rolando; Magnani, Agnese; Lamponi, Stefania; Albanese, Antonietta

doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-1581(199608)7:8<675::aid-pat609>3.0.co;2-u

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, DMB possesses desirable properties for reducing MetHb in our system. However, the unexpected tendency of DMB obtained from the in vivo study might be attributable to an interaction with glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), which are sulphated polysaccharides found in animal tissues, such as arterial walls, heart valves, lung and liver [19,20]. Inspection of the molecular structure of the dye reveals that it has less ability of forming hydrogen bonds than the other dyes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Heparin is used as an anticoagulant in the experiments. Heparin, which is a GAG molecule [19][20][21], most likely forms complexes with the DMB molecules thereby causing the observed precipitation in the tube. Precipitation is generally expected to reduce the efficiency of the dye because of the loss in the ability to diffuse across the membranes of both HbV and RBCs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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In vivoevaluation of electron mediators for the reduction of methemoglobin encapsulated in liposomes using electron energies produced by red blood cell glycolysis

Ghirmai

Bülow

Sakai

2017

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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Earlier studies have clarified that NADH and NADPH, re-energized repeatedly by red blood cell (RBC) glycolysis, can be used in extracellular chemical reactions, where electron energies are extracted by electron mediators, such as methylene blue (MB). The electron mediators, which are reduced by NAD(P)H, permeate both the membranes of RBC and phospholipid bilayer of liposomes encapsulating haemoglobin (Hb-vesicles, HbV) and reduce autoxidized ferric methemoglobin (metHb) in HbV to ferrous Hb. Moreover, in vitro screening study clarified some other potential electron mediators with comparable capacity to reduce metHb. Given this background, eight of these compounds: MB, 1,9-dimethyl MB, azure A, azure B (AB), azure, toluidine blue, brilliant cresyl blue and toluylene blue, were evaluated in both in vitro and in vivo studies in this work. Compared with MB as a reference, in vitro experiments demonstrated that most compounds caused effective metHb reduction of HbV in the presence of RBC. However, in vivo experiments of bolus injection of autoxidized HbV to rats (10 mL HbV/kg body weight) followed by injection of the dye (1.53 mL/kg body weight, 2.6 mM) led to some differences from in vitro results. Effective metHb reduction was found for the combination of AB. To evaluate AB effectiveness further, a haemorrhagic shock and resuscitation model was used, where the rats were resuscitated with HbV. When the level of metHb increased to 50%, a dye solution was injected. Again, AB caused sufficient reduction of metHb. Through these in vivo experiments, this study clarified that AB is a suitable electron mediator to prolong the functional lifetime of HbV.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivoevaluation of electron mediators for the reduction of methemoglobin encapsulated in liposomes using electron energies produced by red blood cell glycolysis

Ghirmai

Bülow

Sakai

2017

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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“…The reason for the favorable blood compatibility of sulfated materials lies at the negative charge of this base (SO 3 − ) 26…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reason for the favorable blood compatibility of sulfated materials lies at the negative charge of this base (SO 3 2 ). 26 It is likely that the presence of sodium N-(methyl sulfonic acid) chitosan in the blend reduced the thrombogenic effect of the calcium alginate in CAG2 samples due to the presence of the methyl sulfonic group in the saccharide unit. Error values are mean and SEM.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility of a novel chitosan‐alginate gel system

Notara

Scotchford

Grant

et al. 2008

J Biomedical Materials Res

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Two chitosan-alginate gel systems in the form of membranes were produced and evaluated. The first membrane was produced by a novel gel system formed after blending N-(methylsulfonic acid) chitosan with ammonium alginate (CAG1) and the second was an N-(methylsulfonic acid) chitosan-sodium alginate blend cross-linked with glutaraldehyde and calcium chloride (CAG2). The cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility of the gels were examined by assessing the cell viability of 3T3 Swiss mouse fibroblasts, whole blood hemolysis, and platelet activation. Cell viability was not significantly different by exposure to these gels compared to the controls. Both gel types had minimal effect on hemolysis of whole heparinized rabbit blood after 1-h exposure. Further platelet activation by the surfaces was also minimal. These results indicate that these novel gels merit further investigation for blood contact applications.

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“…GAGs are widespread in nature, occurring in a large variety of organisms such as vertebrates (Krichen et al, 2017b;Kaczmarek, Sionkowska, & Osyczka, 2017;Ben Mansour et al, 2010, Volpi, 2007Volpi, 2009) and certain terrestrial or marine invertebrates (Sayari et al, 2016; A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T biological propreties of interest as well as anticoagulant activities mediated by physiological coagulation inhibitors, antithrombin (AT) and heparin cofactor II (HCII) (Barbbucci, Magnani, Lamponi, & Albanese, 1996;Athukorala, Lee, Kim, & Jeon, 2007).…”

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confidence: 99%