CHEMISTRY AND KINETICS OF CALCITE DISSOLUfION IN PASSIVE TREATMENT SYSTEMS

Rose, Arthur W.

doi:10.21000/jasmr99010599

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…We consider the precise magnitudes of individual coefficients to be of less significance than the model's general form as model terms conform to current understanding of carbonate equilibria. The positive logarithmic relationship of residence time to net alkalinity indicates that the most rapid gain in alkalinity generation occurs within the first several hours of AMD–limestone contact, and that the rate of limestone dissolution slows with time as the water reaches saturation with respect to calcite (Rose, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Affecting Alkalinity Generation by Successive Alkalinity‐Producing Systems: Regression Analysis

Jage¹,

Zipper

Noble

2001

J of Env Quality

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Use of successive alkalinity-producing systems (SAPS) for treatment of acidic mine drainage (AMD) has grown in recent years. However, inconsistent performance has hampered widespread acceptance of this technology. This research was conducted to determine the influence of system design and influent AMD chemistry on net alkalinity generation by SAPS. Monthly observations were obtained from eight SAPS cells in southern West Virginia and southwestern Virginia. Analysis of these data revealed strong, positive correlations between net alkalinity generation and three variables: the natural log of limestone residence time, influent dissolved Fe concentration, and influent non-Mn acidity. A statistical model was constructed to describe SAPS performance. Subsequent analysis of data obtained from five systems in western Pennsylvania (calibration data set) was used to reevaluate the model form, and the statistical model was adjusted using the combined data sets. Limestone residence time exhibited a strong, positive logarithmic correlation with net alkalinity generation, indicating net alkalinity generation occurs most rapidly within the first few hours of AMD-limestone contact and additional residence time yields diminishing gains in treatment. Influent Fe and non-Mn acidity concentrations both show strong positive linear relationships with net alkalinity generation, reflecting the increased solubility of limestone under acidic conditions. These relationships were present in the original and the calibration data sets, separately, and in the statistical model derived from the combined data set. In the combined data set, these three factors accounted for 68% of the variability in SAPS systems performance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When Fe is able to hydrolyze and precipitate in the open water, proton acidity is formed (Hedin et al, 1994b). When this proton acidity is drawn into the limestone, it increases the rate of limestone dissolution (Rose, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Alkalinity Generation by Successive Alkalinity‐Producing Systems: Regression Analysis

Jage¹,

Zipper

Noble

2001

J of Env Quality

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“…Calcitic limestone (greater than 90% calcite, CaCO 3 ) is by far the most common alkalinity-generating material used in passive treatment. In general, limestone dissolution is self-buffering, providing a pH of about 8 (Barton and Vatanatham, 1976;Rose, 1999), making it is essentially impossible to over treat the ARD. Due to the rapid autooxidation of ferrous iron and low solubility of ferric iron at near-neutral pH, the presence of oxygen and ferric iron in ARD results in the armoring and passivation of limestone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Treatment of Low-Ph, Ferric Iron-Dominated Acid Rock Drainage in a Vertical Flow Wetland I: Acidity Neutralization and Alkalinity Generation

Thomas¹,

Romanek²

2002

JASMR

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Abstract. Passive treatment of acid rock drainage (ARD) is typically limited by the chemistry of the ARD. Anaerobic, ferrous iron-dominated ARD can be treated directly with limestone in an anoxic limestone drain (ALD), but alkalinity generation is limited because the high pH (5 -6) reduces limestone solubility. Oxygenated, ferrous iron-dominated ARD cannot be treated directly with limestone due to the potential for armoring by iron oxyhydroxide precipitates. Vertical flow wetlands that rely on biological processes are typically employed. Reducing and alkalinity producing systems (RAPS) are one type of VFW that requires biological pretreatment of ARD to remove oxygen. The biological pretreatment typically adds alkalinity to the ARD, limiting the alkalinity generated in the RAPS via limestone dissolution by lower the solubility of limestone. The low pH (< 3) of oxygenated, ferric iron-dominated ARD is prohibitive to the biological processes typically required for effective passive treatment. In this study, highly oxidized (i.e., 99% Fe 3+ ), low-pH (2.4), ARD is treated with a VFW system amended with fine-grained (1.2 mm) limestonebuffered organic substrate (LBOS). Nearly 100% of the influent acidity (averaged >1300 mg·L -1 ) is neutralized in the LBOS with an average 600 mg·L -1 of additional alkalinity measured in the effluent; total alkalinity generated in the LBOS averages > 1800 mg·L -1. Limestone dissolution accounts for 80 -95% of the total alkalinity generated in the system. Limestone dissolution is very rapid and occurs in a thin (2 -5 cm) dissolution front that advances as the limestone is depleted. Armoring due to iron oxyhydroxide precipitates apparently does not limit limestone dissolution, as limestone consumption above the dissolution front is nearly complete with greater than 85% of the limestone removed; limestone below the front is apparently unaffected. Sizing recommendations are made based on the influent acidity load and the volume of limestone in the LBOS.Additional Key Words: limestone-buffered organic substrate, limestone dissolution, armoring, biological oxidation of organic matter, anaerobic wetland 1

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“…9). The relationship is logarithmic, indicating that the most rapid alkalinity generation occurs in the first few hours and that the rate of limestone dissolution slows with time likely as water reaches saturation with respect to calcite (Rose 1999). This relationship was also noted by Jage et al (2001) in a review of five SAPS cells in West Virginia.…”

Section: Sullivan Mine and Pike River Adit Rapsmentioning

confidence: 58%

Results of small-scale passive system trials to treat acid mine drainage, West Coast Region, South Island, New Zealand

Trumm¹,

Watts²

2010

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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Successful passive treatment of acid mine drainage can be improved through the use of small-scale pilot treatment systems to confirm appropriate system selection. Small-scale reducing and alkalinity producing systems were tested at two acid mine drainage sites in the West Coast Region, South Island, New Zealand: the Sullivan Mine and the Pike River Adit. A laboratory trial consisting of a limestone leaching column was conducted on the Blackball Mine acid mine drainage, West Coast Region. All three sites contain low pH (Sullivan Mine, 2.9; Pike River Adit, 3.2; Blackball Mine, 3.1), elevated Fe (Sullivan Mine, 47 mg/ L; Pike River Adit, 34 mg/L; Blackball Mine, 10.6 mg/L), elevated Al (Sullivan Mine, 14 mg/L; Pike River Adit, 1.6 mg/L; Blackball Mine, 14.1 mg/L) and minor concentrations of Mn (0.35Á0.51 mg/L), Ni (0.005Á0.13 mg/L) and Zn (0.14Á1.1 mg/L). The percentages of metals removed by the Sullivan Mine reducing and alkalinity producing system were: Fe (97%), Al (100%) and Ni (66%). The percentage metal removals at the Pike River Adit reducing and alkalinity producing system were: Fe (99%), Al (96%), Ni (95%) and Zn (99%). Percent metal removals for the Blackball Mine acid mine drainage were: Fe (87%), Al (91%), Mn (21%) and Zn (68%). Interpretation of data from these small-scale systems suggests that a reducing strategy may be successful at the Sullivan Mine and Pike River Adit and that an oxidising strategy may be appropriate for the Blackball Mine.

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CHEMISTRY AND KINETICS OF CALCITE DISSOLUfION IN PASSIVE TREATMENT SYSTEMS

Cited by 5 publications

References 9 publications

Factors Affecting Alkalinity Generation by Successive Alkalinity‐Producing Systems: Regression Analysis

Factors Affecting Alkalinity Generation by Successive Alkalinity‐Producing Systems: Regression Analysis

Passive Treatment of Low-Ph, Ferric Iron-Dominated Acid Rock Drainage in a Vertical Flow Wetland I: Acidity Neutralization and Alkalinity Generation

Results of small-scale passive system trials to treat acid mine drainage, West Coast Region, South Island, New Zealand

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