Chemistry and Physiology of Los Angeles Smog

Haagen‐Smit, A. J.

doi:10.1021/ie50510a045

Cited by 731 publications

(355 citation statements)

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“…The most important precursors of ozone are carbon monoxide (CO), methane (CH 4 ), non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) and nitrogen oxides (NO x =NO+NO 2 , e.g. Haagen-Smit, 1952;Crutzen, 1974;Monks, 2005). These precursors have anthropogenic as well as natural sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone

Mertens¹,

Grewe²,

Rieger³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Abstract. We quantify the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone for the first time with a chemistry-climate model including an advanced tagging method, which considers not only the emissions of NO x (NO and NO 2 ), CO or non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) separately but the competing effects of all relevant ozone precursors. For summer conditions a contribution of land transport emissions to ground level ozone of up to 18 % in North America and South Europe is estimated, which corresponds to 12 nmol mol 10A more in-depth analysis for the land transport emissions reveals that the two approaches give different results particularly in regions with large emissions (up to a factor of four for Europe). With respect to the contribution of land transport and ship traffic emissions to the tropospheric ozone burden we quantified values of 8 % and 6 % for the land transport and shipping emissions, respectively. Overall, the emissions from land transport contribute to around 20 % of the net ozone production near the source regions, while shipping emissions contribute up to 52 % to the net ozone production in the Northern Pacific. , respectively. Again these results are larger by a factor of 2-3 compared to previous studies using the perturbation approach, but largely agree with previous studies which investigated the difference between the tagging and the perturbation method. Overall our results highlight the importance of differing between the perturbation and the tagging approach, as they answer two different questions. We argue that only the tagging approach can estimate the contribution of emissions, while only 20 the perturbation approach investigates the effect of an emission change. To effectively asses mitigation options both approaches should be combined.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revisiting the contribution of land transport and shipping emissions to tropospheric ozone

Mertens¹,

Grewe²,

Rieger³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…25,[41][42][43][44] Recent studies of the kudzu invasion in the southeastern United States 45 (which has high background NOx) and the increase of oil palm plantations in Malaysia 5 (which has low background NOx) have underscored the important role of local NOx concentrations in modulating local O3 formation in response to an increase in regional isoprene emissions.…”

Section: List Of Tablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-quality and Climatic Consequences of Bioenergy Crop Cultivation

Porter¹

2000

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Bioenergy is expected to play an increasingly significant role in the global energy budget. In addition to the use of liquid energy forms such as ethanol and biodiesel, electricity generation using processed energy crops as a partial or full coal alternative is expected to increase, requiring large-scale conversions of land for the cultivation of bioenergy feedstocks such as cane, grasses, or short rotation coppice. With land-use change identified as a major contributor to changes in the emission of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), many of which are known contributors to the pollutants ozone (O3) and fine particulate matter (PM2.5), careful review of crop emission profiles and local atmospheric chemistry will be necessary to mitigate any unintended air-quality consequences. In this work, the atmospheric consequences of bioenergy crop replacement are examined using both the high-resolution regional chemical transport model WRF/Chem (Weather Research and Forecasting with Chemistry) and the global climate model CESM (Community Earth System Model). Regional sensitivities to several representative crop types are analyzed, and the impacts of each crop on air quality and climate are compared. Overall, the high emitting crops (eucalyptus and giant reed) were found to produce climate and human health costs totaling up to 40% of the value of CO2 emissions prevented, while the related costs of the lowest-emitting crop (switchgrass) were negligible.ii Acknowledgements

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“…1 Numerous studies which followed attempted to correlate the level of eye irritation and plant damage to the concentrations of reactive hydrocarbons in vehicle exhaust. 2 Others showed that these reactive hydrocarbon emissions can be minimized by changing the fuel composition.…”

Section: Ford Motor Companymentioning

confidence: 99%