Chemistry and Properties of Nanocrystals of Different Shapes

Burda, Clemens; Chen, Xiaobo; Narayanan, Radha; El‐Sayed, Mostafa A.

doi:10.1021/cr030063a

Cited by 6,943 publications

(4,069 citation statements)

References 871 publications

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“…[10][11][12] In each such approach, the effects of shape (zero-, one-, two-or three-dimensional nanostructures), morphology (exposed facets), and catalyst composition on electrocatalytic activity and stability should be considered. [13][14][15][16] In synthesis processes, optimizing catalyst shape, morphology and composition with respect to catalytic activity and stability is critical to achieve successful electrocatalysts.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Pt-alloy electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction

et al. 2010

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In this critical review, we present the current technological advances in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell catalysis, with a focus on strategies for developing nanostructured Pt-alloys as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The achievements are reviewed and the major challenges, including high cost, insufficient activity and low stability, are addressed and discussed. The nanostructured Pt-alloy catalysts can be grouped into different clusters: (i) Pt-alloy nanoparticles, (ii) Pt-alloy nanotextures such as Pt-skins/monolayers on top of base metals, and (iii) branched or anisotropic elongated Pt or Pt-alloy nanostructures. Although some Pt-alloy catalysts with advanced nanostructures have shown remarkable activity levels, the dissolution of metals, including Pt and alloyed base metals, in a fuel cell operating environment could cause catalyst degradation, and still remains an issue. Another concern may be low retention of the nanostructure of the active catalyst during fuel cell operation. To facilitate further efforts in new catalyst development, several research directions are also proposed in this paper (130 references).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanostructured Pt-alloy electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction

et al. 2010

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“…Tuning the morphology is actually tuning the facets, edges and corners. There are many reviews concerning the facets of nanoparticles as key points for properties,5, 6, 7 however, the edges are less discussed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face the Edges: Catalytic Active Sites of Nanomaterials

Wang

2015

Advanced Science

158

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Edges are special sites in nanomaterials. The atoms residing on the edges have different environments compared to those in other parts of a nanomaterial and, therefore, they may have different properties. Here, recent progress in nanomaterial fields is summarized from the viewpoint of the edges. Typically, edge sites in MoS2 or metals, other than surface atoms, can perform as active centers for catalytic reactions, so the method to enhance performance lies in the optimization of the edge structures. The edges of multicomponent interfaces present even more possibilities to enhance the activities of nanomaterials. Nanoframes and ultrathin nanowires have similarities to conventional edges of nanoparticles, the application of which as catalysts can help to reduce the use of costly materials. Looking beyond this, the edge structures of graphene are also essential for their properties. In short, the edge structure can influence many properties of materials.

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“…This can be achieved largely through geometric design [2,16,17,[46][47][48][49][50][51]. While many structures exhibit suitable enhancement of their EM field in response to incident light, their lack of symmetry results in multiple resonances due to non-degenerate electronic transitions [52,53].…”

Section: Metal Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aggregates, which are random assemblies of nanoparticles, can have multiple resonances depending on their size and shape, especially when the interaction between particles is strong [18,53,56,57]. This is also true for triangles, stars, cubes and cages [37,42,46,48,58].…”

Section: Metal Nanostructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Shells also have broadened spectral line widths due to variation in size and shape within an ensemble and are considered cytotoxic due to the polymer core [190,216]. Rods, cubes, stars and aggregates, as noted earlier, will have reduced overlap with incident light because they have two or more resonances [18,35,48,55]. They are also synthesized with CTAB and other surfactants that are known to be cytotoxic [104,217,218].…”

Section: Photothermal Ablation (Pta) Therapymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controllable Cobalt Oxide/Au Hierarchically Nanostructured Electrode for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing

2016

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By electrodeposition and galvanic replacement reaction, we developed a facile, time-saving, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly, two-step synthesis route to obtain a controllable cobalt oxide/Au hierarchically nanostructured electrode for glucose sensing. The nanomaterials were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, meanwhile, the sensing performance was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric response. The results revealed that this novel electrode exhibited excellent electrocatalytic performance toward glucose oxidation, with a wide double-linear range from 0.2 μM to 20 mM and a low detection limit of 0.1 μM based on a signal-to-noise ratio of 3, which was mainly attributed to the ability of loading a small amount of Au with good electron conductivity on the surface of cobalt oxide nanosheets with large active surface area and synergistic electrocatalytic activity of Au and cobalt oxide toward glucose electrooxidation. This facile, sensitive, and selective glucose sensor is also proven to be suitable for the detection of glucose in human serum.

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Chemistry and Properties of Nanocrystals of Different Shapes

Cited by 6,943 publications

References 871 publications

Nanostructured Pt-alloy electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction

Nanostructured Pt-alloy electrocatalysts for PEM fuel cell oxygen reduction reaction

Face the Edges: Catalytic Active Sites of Nanomaterials

Controllable Cobalt Oxide/Au Hierarchically Nanostructured Electrode for Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing

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