Chemistry, Functionalization, and Applications of Recent Monoelemental Two-Dimensional Materials and Their Heterostructures

Abstract

The past decades have witnessed a rapid expansion in investigations of twodimensional (2D) monoelemental materials (Xenes), which are promising materials in various fields, including applications in optoelectronic devices, biomedicine, catalysis, and energy storage. Apart from graphene and phosphorene, recently emerging 2D Xenes, specifically graphdiyne, borophene, arsenene, antimonene, bismuthene, and tellurene, have attracted considerable interest due to their unique optical, electrical, and catalytic properties, endowing them a broader range of intriguing applications. In this review, the structures and properties of these emerging Xenes are summarized based on theoretical and experimental results. The synthetic approaches for their fabrication, mainly bottom-up and top-down, are presented. Surface modification strategies are also shown. The wide applications of these emerging Xenes in nonlinear optical devices, optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, and energy application are further discussed. Finally, this review concludes with an assessment of the current status, a description of existing scientific and application challenges, and a discussion of possible directions to advance this fertile field.

Crystalline phase induced Raman enhancement on molybdenum carbides

“…[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] In addition, with unique optical, electrical, and catalytic properties, 2D transition metal carbides have attracted considerable interest and succeeded in a broader range of intriguing applications such as optical devices, optoelectronics, catalysis, biomedicine, and energy storage. [28][29][30][31] Very recently, the outstanding SERS performance of transition metal carbides has been discovered. 19,[32][33][34] For instance, Du et al reported that Mo 2 C and MoN hollow spheres with large surface areas displayed strong surface-enhanced Raman effects.…”

Photogalvanic Effect in Graphene‐like BC2P Monolayer from First Principles

“…Two dimensional (2D) materials have become a research hot spot in recent years because of their novel and attractive properties, offering promising basics for designing all kinds of nanoelectronic and photoelectronic devices. [ 1–5 ] Until now, various 2D materials have been fabricated in experiments or predicted theoretically, but each material exhibits its own complement of favorable and unfavorable natures. [ 5–8 ] For example, although graphene has very high carrier mobility, its zero band gap limits the application in optoelectronic devices.…”

“…[ 1–5 ] Until now, various 2D materials have been fabricated in experiments or predicted theoretically, but each material exhibits its own complement of favorable and unfavorable natures. [ 5–8 ] For example, although graphene has very high carrier mobility, its zero band gap limits the application in optoelectronic devices. [ 6 ] Although MoS 2 possesses high on‐off current ratio and extended band gap, its carrier mobility is relatively low.…”

Perampanel Reduces Brain Damage via Induction of M2 Microglia in a Neonatal Rat Stroke Model

“…48 A recently reported concept, two-dimensional (2D) monoelemental materials, Xenes has advanced into the development of inorganic and organic nanostructures for imaging, sensing and targeted delivery of therapeutics for biomedical applications. 49 Xenes have already shown promise for various biomedical applications. The scope of biomedical applications can be further expanded by making the best of the optical properties, induced magnetic characteristic of Xenes, and rational surface modification with drugs, photosensitizers, imaging, and sensing agents.…”