Chemistry of Multiply Charged Negative Molecular Ions and Clusters in the Gas Phase:  Terrestrial and in Intense Galactic Magnetic Fields

Abstract

A review is first given of presently available techniques for generating and observing long-lived dianions of molecules and of clusters in the gas phase. Multiply charged anions that have been unambiguously observed are listed with the technique used to detect them. The remainder of the article is then devoted to the way quantum chemistry can contribute to the continuing search for multiply charged negative ions. This discussion is divided into two parts: (i) ions in zero magnetic fields and (ii) ions in intense magnetic fields. In (i) it is difficult to bind even two electrons to a heavy neutral atom. In (ii), however, a heavy atom with atomic number Z can bind an additional Z electrons, the binding energy of these additional electrons being on the same order as that of the first Z electrons, in the so-called "hyperstrong" field regime. Diatomic homonuclear molecules have binding energies on the order of the separated atom energies. As there should be precursor effects, it is proposed that one should attempt multiply-charged anion formation in the highest available magnetic fields in the laboratory.

Perspective: Electrospray photoelectron spectroscopy: From multiply-charged anions to ultracold anions

“…[75][76][77][78][79][80] The coupling of ESI with PES allowed MCAs to be spectroscopically characterized for the first time. [4][5][6][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] When an electron is detached from a MCA, it experiences a short-range attraction by the nuclei and a long-range repulsion from the negatively charged residual ion, resulting in the socalled RCB (Fig.…”

A multi-agent quantum Monte Carlo model for charge transport: Application to organic field-effect transistors

“…[75][76][77][78][79][80] The coupling of ESI with PES allowed MCAs to be spectroscopically characterized for the first time. [4][5][6][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] When an electron is detached from a MCA, it experiences a short-range attraction by the nuclei and a long-range repulsion from the negatively charged residual ion, resulting in the socalled RCB (Fig.…”

Resonant tunneling through the repulsive Coulomb barrier of a quadruply charged molecular anion

“…However, if the counter ions or solvents are removed, isolated MCAs in the gas phase become rather fragile and exhibit many unique physical properties due to the strong intramolecular Coulomb repulsion [2][3][4][5][6][7][8].…”