Chemistry of Polyploids: A Summary with Comments on Parthenium (Asteraceae-Ambrosiinae)

Mears, James A.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-3069-1_5

Cited by 29 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Examples are loss of duplicated genes, gene expression alterations and epigenetic changes modulating gene expression as reviewed by Osborn et al (2003), Otto (2007) and Parisod et al (2010). These genetic changes often result in polyploid crops being superior to diploids with respect to morphological changes, genetic adaptability and tolerance to environmental stresses (Mears 1980;Stebbins 1971;Tal 1980;Xiong et al 2006). The exact reason for these differences is still unclear, but it might be due to the advantage of polysomic inheritance.…”

Section: Applications Of In Vitro Chromosome Doubling In Plant Breedingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mitotic chromosome doubling of plant tissues in vitro

Dhooghe¹,

Laere²,

Eeckhaut³

et al. 2010

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

361

258

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In vitro chromosome doubling can be induced by several antimitotic agents. The most commonly used are colchicine, oryzalin and trifluralin. The process of induced chromosome doubling in vitro consists of a typical succession of sub-processes, including an induction phase and a confirmation protocol to measure the rate of success. The induction step depends on a large number of variables: media, antimitotic agents, explant types, exposure times and concentrations. Flow cytometry is the pre-eminent method for evaluation of the induced polyploidization. However, alternative confirmation methods, such as chromosome counts and morphological observations, are also used. Since polyploidization has many consequences for plant growth and development, chromosome doubling has been intensively studied over the years and has found its way to several applications in plant breeding. This review gives an overview of the common methods of chromosome doubling in vitro, the history of the technique, and progress made over the years. The applications of chromosome doubling in a broader context are also discussed.

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Section: Applications Of In Vitro Chromosome Doubling In Plant Breedingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Mitotic chromosome doubling of plant tissues in vitro

Dhooghe¹,

Laere²,

Eeckhaut³

et al. 2010

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

361

258

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“…The occurrence of aglycones in Parthenium is given in Table 11-15. This table represents a condensation of data arising from detailed surveys (Mears, 1973(Mears, , 1979(Mears, , 1980a). Mears distinguished between major and minor compounds; we present simply presences or absences.…”

Section: Chjo~mentioning

confidence: 99%

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Bohm

Stuessy

2001

119

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This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically those of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, broadcasting, reproduction by photocopying machines or similar means, and storage in data banks. This book is dedicated to:Arthur Cronquist Outstanding plant systematist and major contributor to understanding taxonomic relationships within Asteraceae and Ralph E. Alston (1925Alston ( -1967) Visionary natural products chemist and geneticist who pioneered the use of chemical data in studies of plant systematics and evolution PrefaceCertainly many of the readers of this book will remember the early developments of chemosystematics in the late 1950s. We ourselves remember the excitement of these new data bearing on plant interrelationships. The hopes were high, the techniques were rapidly evolving, the quantities of data were large, and young workers were eagerly enthusiastic. Some even went so far as to predict that chemical data would soon replace morphological information as the basis for plant classification. These overly zealous predictions did not materialize, of course, as the history of plant systematics has amply shown during the past two centuries. If there is any distinct characteristic of systematics it is synthesis, as Lincoln Constance (1964) called it, the "unending synthesis." New tools generate new data and provide insights on additional dimensions of plant relationships. This will never change-we will continue to discover new tools and new data in the years ahead, and they will continue to be incorporated into the predictive general reference system of classification.The earlier efforts in chemosystematics focused on secondary plant products: alkaloids, betacyanins, carbohydrates, cyanogenic glycosides, glucosinolates, lipids, terpenoids, and especialiy flavonoids. The latter were particularly well suited for chemosystematic investigation for several reasons: ease of isolation and characterization, small amounts of plant material needed for analysis, stability of compounds especially through routine preparation of herbarium specimens, and low cost to obtain useful information. As a result of these considerable advantages, literally thousands of studies on use of flavonoids in plant systematics have been published. Although now with the present zest for macromolecular data from DNA restriction sites and sequences, there are fewer workers and laboratories dedicated to flavonoid chemosystematic studies; twenty years ago they were the new currency of exciting data in plant systematics.Because of many workers historically interested in the sunflower family, Asteraceae (or Compositae), in part due to its large size (approximately 23,000 species;Bremer, 1994), and because hundreds of flavonoid compounds were discovered in this family, many chemosystematic investigations have been completed on various taxa. Many studies came from the laboratories of R. A. Alston, B. L. Turner, and T. J. Mabry in the Department of Botany ...

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“…The newer chemical types so developed offer the distinct advantage amenable for natural selection. The production of hybrid compounds in alloploids has been explained as the modification of the products of one parental genome by the genome of other parent (Alston et al, 1965;Fahselt & Ownbay, 1968;Levy & Levin, 1975;Mears, 1980). Probably, intergenomic complementation of the blockages/limiting factors attendant in the biosynthetic path-way of one parent by the other brings about such an effect.…”

Section: Allopolyploidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing the productivity of secondary metabolites via induced polyploidy: a review

1996

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Artificial polyploidy generally enhances the vigour of determinate plant parts and may be favourable where vegetative organs and biomass constitute the economic product. Giving suitable examples, it is shown that genomic multiplication can confer enhanced production and/or qualitative improvement in the biochemical profile of secondary metabolites. Allopolyploidisation can bring about natural complementation of biosynthetic pathways to harness the useful metabolites. A plea is made to utilise the induced polyploidy approach as a rapid means to attain enhanced production of secondary metabolites: pharmaceuticals, aroma chemicals, etc. The necessary prerequisites that may be needed for achieving genetic stability and reproductive success of the induced polyploids are outlined.

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Chemistry of Polyploids: A Summary with Comments on Parthenium (Asteraceae-Ambrosiinae)

Cited by 29 publications

References 62 publications

Mitotic chromosome doubling of plant tissues in vitro

Mitotic chromosome doubling of plant tissues in vitro

Flavonoids of the Sunflower Family (Asteraceae)

Enhancing the productivity of secondary metabolites via induced polyploidy: a review

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