Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21 °N, East Pacific Rise

Damm, K. L. Von; Edmond, John M.; Grant, B.; Measures, C.I.; Walden, Barrie B.; Weiss, Ray F.

doi:10.1016/0016-7037(85)90222-4

Cited by 865 publications

(147 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…2A), and the Mg/SO 4 ratio is near seawater, emphasizing that both species are likely seawater-derived (Table 1) (VON DAMM et al, 1985). et al, 1981).…”

Section: Calculation Of Endmember Fluid Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Experimental and field studies demonstrate that the alkali elements are highly mobile during fluid/rock reaction, and are nearly quantitatively leached from the rock during hightemperature basalt alteration (MOTTL and HOLLAND, 1978;SEYFRIED et al, 1984;VON DAMM, 1990;VON DAMM et al, 1985). Indeed, fluid K, Li, and Rb contents are enriched over seawater.…”

Section: Effects Of Fluid/rock Reaction On Major Ion and Alkali Abundmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If it is assumed that Li and Rb are leached quantitatively from basalt of known Li and Rb content, and that these species are not partitioned into any secondary mineral phases, then a fluid/rock ratio can be calculated (VON DAMM et al, 1985). Mid-Cayman Rise basalt contains 1.92 ppm Rb according to a single measurement of an axial basalt (COHEN and O'NIONS, 1982).…”

Section: Effects Of Fluid/rock Reaction On Major Ion and Alkali Abundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids from the Mid-Cayman Rise, Caribbean Sea

McDermott¹

2015

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THESIS ABSTRACTThis thesis examines the controls on organic, inorganic, and volatile species distributions in hydrothermal fluids venting at Von Damm and Piccard, two recently discovered vent fields at the ultraslow spreading Mid-Cayman Rise, Earth's deepest mid-ocean ridge. A wide variety of possible temperatures and substrates for fluid/rock reaction exist at ultraslow spreading ridges. The flux of chemicals delivered to the ocean by circulating vent fluids exerts a major control on mass transfer into and out of the oceanic crust and supports chemosynthetic ecosystems. In Chapter 2, abiotic organic synthesis is shown to occur via two distinct mechanisms in the serpentinizing Von Damm system. Longstanding questions concerning the spatial, temporal, and mechanistic nature of carbon transformations in deep-sea hot springs are addressed. In contrast with the current paradigm, CH 4 is not actively forming during circulation of H 2 -rich vent fluids, but instead is derived from fluid inclusions in the host rocks. Chapters 3 and 4 present in-depth studies of the chemical and isotopic compositions of aqueous species in vent fluids at Von Damm and Piccard to elucidate the role of reaction temperature, pressure, substrate composition, and water/rock mass ratios during the chemical evolution of hydrothermal fluids at oceanic spreading centers. At Von Damm, sequential reaction of gabbroic and peridotite substrates at intermediate temperatures can explain generation of the observed fluids. Geochemical modeling shows that talc-quartz assemblage is expected to precipitate during fluid mixing with seawater at the seafloor. At Piccard, extremely high temperature subsurface water/rock reaction results in high temperature fluids that are richer in dissolved H 2 than any previously observed fluids worldwide. At both locations, high-H 2 conditions promote the abiotic reduction of ΣCO 2 to formate species, which may fuel a subsurface biosphere. In Chapter 5, multiple sulfur isotopes were measured on metal sulfide deposits, S 0 , and fluid H 2 S to constrain sulfur sources and the isotopic systematics of precipitation in a wide variety of seafloor hydrothermal vents. Areas studied include the eastern Manus Basin and Lau Basin back-arc spreading centers, the unsedimented basalt-hosted Southern East Pacific Rise, and the sediment-hosted Guaymas Basin mid-ocean ridge spreading centers. Limited isotope fractionation between fluid H 2 S and precipitating chalcopyrite implies that sulfur isotopes in a chimney lining may record past hydrothermal activity. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSFirst, I would like to thank my co-advisor, Jeff Seewald, whose limitless scientific creavitity and sunny outlook have been a continual source of encouragement throughout the 5 years of my doctoral education and research. Jeff's gift for simultaneously challenging and motivating me has taught me many lasting lessons. His limitless optimism and imagination have left permanent impressions on my approach to scientific research, and will not be far from mind when I mentor oth...

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“…2A), and the Mg/SO 4 ratio is near seawater, emphasizing that both species are likely seawater-derived (Table 1) (VON DAMM et al, 1985). et al, 1981).…”

Section: Calculation Of Endmember Fluid Compositionsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Effects Of Fluid/rock Reaction On Major Ion and Alkali Abundmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects Of Fluid/rock Reaction On Major Ion and Alkali Abundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemistry of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids from the Mid-Cayman Rise, Caribbean Sea

McDermott¹

2015

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“…Fluid and sediments used for geochemical characterization were collected using all-titanium ALVINtype fluid samplers (Von Damm et al 1985), gas-tight WHATS fluid samplers (Tsunogai et al 2003), multicylinder type ROCS fluid samplers (Yamanaka et al 2013), and NISKIN bottles equipped with the submersibles. The fluid and sediment samples were collected as close as possible to the animal habitat in order to evaluate the relationship between the animal soft bodies and the energy sources for the chemosynthesis-based animal communities, using isotopic signatures.…”

Section: Animal Sediment and Fluid Sampling Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Compilation of the Stable Isotopic Compositions of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur in Soft Body Parts of Animals Collected from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent and Methane Seep Fields: Variations in Energy Source and Importance of Subsurface Microbial Processes in the Sediment-Hosted Systems

Yamanaka

Shimamura

Nagashio

et al. 2014

Subseafloor Biosphere Linked to Hydrothermal Systems

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The stable isotopic signatures of biophilic elements, such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur, exhibited in animal soft body parts are excellent indicators for evaluating the pathways of energy and food sources. Thioautotrophic and methanotrophic nutrition prevailed in deep-sea hydrothermal vent and methane seep areas results in sulfide-sulfur and methanecarbon isotopic ratios. In this study, we reevaluated the carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope compositions of animals taken from deep-sea hydrothermal vents and methane seep areas in order to understand the detailed pathways of energy and food sources for the habitants. The results showed that most animals collected from sediment-starved hydrothermal areas rely on thioautotrophic nutrition, using hydrogen sulfide dissolved in venting fluids as the sole primary energy source. On the other hand, animals from sediment-covered hydrothermal vent and cold seep fields show some variations in energy sources, of both hydrothermal and microbial origins. Sediment-covered areas tend to be enriched in biomass and diversity relative to sediment-starved areas. The results suggest that fluid discharged through sediments to the seafloor are strongly affected by subsurface microbial processes and result in increased biomass and diversity of the seafloor animal community.

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“…Furthermore barite formation is induced by diatoms accumulating Ba (Esser and Volpe, 2002). Rivers and hydrothermal venting are the main sources of Ba to the oceans (Edmond et al, 1979;Guay and Falkner, 1998a;Martin and Meybeck, 1979;Von Damm et al, 1985). Most hydrothermal Ba is thought to precipitate inorganically as barite in the vicinity of hot spring sources (Von Damm, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utility of dissolved barium in distinguishing North American from Eurasian runoff in the Arctic Ocean

et al. 2012

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Dissolved barium has been shown to have the potential to distinguish Eurasian from North American (NA) river runoff. As part of the ARK-XXII/2 Polarstern expedition in summer 2007, Ba was analyzed in the Barents, Kara, Laptev seas, and the Eurasian Basins as well as the Makarov Basin up to the Alpha and Mendeleyev Ridges. By combining salinity, δ 18 O and initial phosphate corrected for mineralization with oxygen (PO 4 *) or N/P ratios we identified the water mass fractions of meteoric water, sea ice meltwater, and marine waters of Atlantic as well as Pacific origin in the upper water column. In all basins inside the lower halocline layer and the Arctic intermediate waters we find Ba concentrations close to those of the Fram Strait branch of the lower halocline (41-45 nM), reflecting the composition of the incoming Atlantic water. A layer of upper halocline water (UHW) with higher Ba concentrations (45-55 nM) is identified in the Makarov Basin. Atop of the UHW, the Surface Mixed Layer (SML), including the summer and winter mixed layers, has high concentrations of Ba (58-67 nM). In the SML of the investigated area of the central Arctic the meteoric fraction can be identified by assuming a conservative behavior of Ba to be primarily of Eurasian river origin. However, in productive coastal regions biological removal compromises the use of Ba to distinguish between Eurasian and NA rivers. As a consequence, the NA river water fraction is underestimated in productive surface waters or waters that have passed a productive region, whereas this fraction is overestimated in subsurface waters containing remineralised Ba, particularly when these waters have passed productive shelf regions. Especially in the Laptev Sea and small regions in the Barents Sea, Ba concentrations are low in surface waters. In the Laptev Sea exceptionally high Ba concentrations in shelf bottom waters indicate that Ba is removed from surface waters to deep waters by biological activity enhanced by increasing ice-free conditions as well as by scavenging by organic matter of terrestrial origin. We interpret high Ba concentrations in the UHW of the Makarov Basin to result from enrichment by remineralisation in bottom waters on the shelf of the Chukchi Sea and therefore the calculated NA runoff is an artefact. We conclude that no NA runoff can be demonstrated unequivocally anywhere during our expedition with the set of tracers considered here. Small contributions of NA runoff may have been masked by Ba depletion and could only be resolved by supportive tracers on the uptake history. We thus suggest that Ba has to be used with care as it can put limits but not yield quantitative water mass distributions. Only if the extra Ba inputs exceed the cumulative biological uptake the signal can be unequivocally attributed to NA runoff.

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Chemistry of submarine hydrothermal solutions at 21 °N, East Pacific Rise

Cited by 865 publications

References 46 publications

Geochemistry of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids from the Mid-Cayman Rise, Caribbean Sea

Geochemistry of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fluids from the Mid-Cayman Rise, Caribbean Sea

A Compilation of the Stable Isotopic Compositions of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur in Soft Body Parts of Animals Collected from Deep-Sea Hydrothermal Vent and Methane Seep Fields: Variations in Energy Source and Importance of Subsurface Microbial Processes in the Sediment-Hosted Systems

Utility of dissolved barium in distinguishing North American from Eurasian runoff in the Arctic Ocean

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