Chemo-specific designs for the enumeration of circulating tumor cells: advances in liquid biopsy

Abstract

Chemical platforms for isolation and enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) in advancing the relevance of liquid biopsy in cancer diagnostics and treatment.

Fabrication of Channeled and Three-Dimensional Electrodes for the Integrated Capture and Detection of Invasive Circulating Tumor Cells during Hematogenous Metastasis

“…Isolation mainly refers to affinity-based enrichment (e.g., Cellsearch system and microfluidic devices , ) and physical properties-based approaches such as unlabeled microfluidics, , microfiltration, , and deterministic lateral displacement, , while identification covers fluorescence, , electrochemistry, , surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), , etc. However, these independent isolation and identification techniques require multiple experimental steps and prolonged processing time and therefore may result in the loss of cell activity or even CTC degradation. − In addition, the scant number of CTCs demands great capture efficacy and high sensitivity of the detection system.…”

Antibody mediated cotton-archetypal substrate for enumeration of circulating tumor cells and chemotherapy outcome in 3D tumors

“…include a CTC enrichment step followed by a subsequent detection stage. The enrichment step primarily applies specific techniques such as gradient centrifugation, 20 microfluidic isolation, 21 or magnetic separation 15 to isolate CTCs based on their physical properties and/or expression of cancer-specific cell surface markers. In the subsequent detection step, CTCs are analysed and characterized using methods that incorporate immuno-fluorescence, 22 electrochemical, Raman, or luminescence signal detection.…”

“…Current clinically relevant CTC isolation methods validated by regulatory authorities (e.g. FDA-approved CellSearch®, 15 DCG(I)-approved OncoDiscover®, 6,[16][17][18][19] etc.) include a CTC enrichment step followed by a subsequent detection stage.…”

Versatile Dynamic Bioactive Lubricant-Infused Surface for Effective Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells

“…4−7 However, the rarity of CTCs (only 1−10 CTCs in 10 mL of blood) and the complexity of blood components present major challenges for the efficient isolation of CTCs in blood. 8,9 Over the past decade, various strategies have been developed to improve the efficiency of isolating CTCs from patient blood samples, which involve different mechanistic insights, mainly including affinity-based stragtegies, 10,11 physical property-based strategies, 12,13 and micro/nanofluidics strategies of single-cell profiling. 14,15 In comparison, physical property-based isolation has less sensitivity, purity, and specificity due to the similar physical properties of CTCs to some leukocytes.…”

“…Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), which are shed from the primary tumor and spread through the bloodstream to different tissues in the body, lead to the metastasis and spread of cancer. − Compared to traditional biopsy assessments performed on tumor tissue obtained from surgery mostly, “liquid biopsy” of tumors in the peripheral blood of patients has been recognized as a potentially effective means of early cancer diagnosis and screening based on the analysis of biomarkers (i.e., CTCs, cell-free nucleic acids (cfNAs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs)) in the body fluids, in recent years. − However, the rarity of CTCs (only 1–10 CTCs in 10 mL of blood) and the complexity of blood components present major challenges for the efficient isolation of CTCs in blood. , Over the past decade, various strategies have been developed to improve the efficiency of isolating CTCs from patient blood samples, which involve different mechanistic insights, mainly including affinity-based stragtegies, , physical property-based strategies, , and micro/nanofluidics strategies of single-cell profiling. , In comparison, physical property-based isolation has less sensitivity, purity, and specificity due to the similar physical properties of CTCs to some leukocytes. Specific molecular recognition between receptors and ligands plays a huge role in cell capture .…”