Chemodynamics: Transport and Behavior of Chemicals in the Environment. A Problem in Environmental Health

Freed, V. H.; Chiou, C. T.; Haque, R.

doi:10.2307/3428644

Cited by 8 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…The dissipation of organic substances in the aquatic environment is attributed to evaporation, chemical, photochemical, and biochemical degradation . In the covered distilled water control experiment, the observed initial slow linear rate of dissipation of 3 × 10 −4 μg g −1 day −1 (Figure A) is attributed to a combination of evaporation and hydrolytic degradation, whereas the subsequent faster rate of 1.8 × 10 −3 μg g −1 day −1 is attributed to microbial degradation as a result of contamination from the air since no preservative was added to the distilled water controls.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dissipation of chlortetracycline in the aquatic environment: Characterization in terms of a generalized multiphase pseudo–zero‐order rate law

Zaranyika

Dzomba

2019

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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The kinetics of the dissipation of chlortetracycline in the aquatic environment was studied over a period of 90 days using microcosm experiments and distilled water controls. The distilled water control experiments, carried out under dark conditions as well as exposed to natural sunlight, exhibited biphasic linear rates of dissipation. The microcosm experiments exhibited triphasic linear rates of degradation both in the water phase (2.7 × 10−2, 7 × 10−3, 1.3 × 10−3 μg g−1 day–1) and the sediment phase (3.4 × 10−2, 6 × 10−3, 1 × 10−3 μg g−1 day–1). The initial slow rate of dissipation in the dark control (3 × 10−3 μg g−1 day–1) was attributed to a combination of evaporation and hydrolysis, whereas the subsequent fast rate (1.8 × 10−3 μg g−1 day–1) was attributed to a combination of evaporation, hydrolysis, and microbial degradation. For the sunlight‐exposed control, the initial slow rate of dissipation (1.5 × 10−3 μg g−1 day–1) was attributed to a combination of evaporation, hydrolysis, and photolysis, whereas the subsequent fast rate was attributed to a combination of evaporation, hydrolysis, photolysis, and microbial degradation (5.1 × 10−3 μg g−1 day–1). The initial fast rate of dissipation in the water phase of the microcosm experiment is attributed to a combination of evaporation, hydrolysis, photolysis, and microbial degradation, whereas all subsequent slow rates in the water phase and all rates of degradation in the sediment phase are attributed to microbial degradation of the colloidal and sediment particle adsorbed antibiotic. A multiphase zero‐order kinetic model is presented that takes into account (a) dissipation of the antibiotic via evaporation, hydrolysis, photolysis, microbial degradation, and adsorption by colloidal and sediment particles and (b) the dependence of the dissipation rate on the concentration of the antibiotic, type and count of microorganisms, and type and concentration of colloidal particles and sediment particle adsorption sites within a given aquatic environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Dissipation of chlortetracycline in the aquatic environment: Characterization in terms of a generalized multiphase pseudo–zero‐order rate law

Zaranyika

Dzomba

2019

Int J of Chemical Kinetics

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Health and Environmental Impact Models in Quantitative Health Risk Assessment: An Overview

Ricci¹

1985

Health and Environmental Risk Assessment

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Effects of soil on percutaneous absorption of toluene in male rats

Skowronski

Turkall

Abdel‐Rahman

1989

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health

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Previous assessments of health risks from soil-adsorbed chemical exposures relied on extrapolations from data derived with pure compounds. However, interactions between chemical and soil can alter the rate, amount, and form of chemical that enters the body, resulting in effects that are different from those that occur after exposures to chemical alone. In this study, male rats were treated dermally with [14C]toluene alone or adsorbed to either a sandy or a clay soil. Both soils produced a higher plasma concentration compared to pure toluene, with a statistical decrease in half-life of absorption observed after sandy soil-adsorbed treatment. The time to reach peak plasma concentration, half-life of elimination, and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were similar for all groups. Skin and fat contained the highest concentration of radioactivity 48 h after all treatments. Pure and soil-adsorbed toluene were primarily metabolized and excreted via the kidney rather than exhaled. Furthermore, soil treatment did not alter the percentages of the metabolic products.

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Chemodynamics: Transport and Behavior of Chemicals in the Environment. A Problem in Environmental Health

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Dissipation of chlortetracycline in the aquatic environment: Characterization in terms of a generalized multiphase pseudo–zero‐order rate law

Dissipation of chlortetracycline in the aquatic environment: Characterization in terms of a generalized multiphase pseudo–zero‐order rate law

Health and Environmental Impact Models in Quantitative Health Risk Assessment: An Overview

Effects of soil on percutaneous absorption of toluene in male rats

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