Chemokine in inflamed periodontal tissues activates healthy periodontal‐ligament stem cell migration

Abstract

The present study found a specific chemokine profile induced by inflammation in periodontal tissues, with RANTES/CCL5 appearing to play a role in the migration of hPDLSCs into inflammatory periodontal lesions.

The periodontal stem/progenitor cell inflammatory‐regenerative cross talk: A new perspective

“…Under inflammatory conditions, the elevation in the inflammatory‐responsive chemokines IL‐8/CXCL8 and RANTES/CCL5 was proposed to be responsible for the increase in cellular proliferation and CFUs formation in periodontal stem/progenitor cells, similar to earlier reported cellular sources . RANTES/CCL5 however solely enhanced cellular proliferation of resting PDLSCs, which were not currently mobilized via inflammatory chemotactic cytokines . It appears that for RANTES/CCL5 to induce a cellular proliferation effect, the periodontal stem/progenitor cells should not be undergoing mobilization and homing.…”

“…Escherichia coli‐ LPS stimulation of PDLSCs for 3 and 7 days did not affect their characteristic surface markers expression profile . The 3‐day exposure to the inflammatory cytokines/chemokines IL‐8/CXCL8, RANTES/CCL5, and SDF‐1/CXCL12 did not affect the surface marker expression profile of PDLSCs, remaining CD44 + , CD73 + , CD90 + , and CD105 + . The same result was evident in PDLSCs cultured under a 24‐hour IL‐1β/TNF‐α inflammatory micro‐environment .…”

“…As clinically most of these healing stages would occur under inflamed periodontal micro‐environmental conditions, studying the impact of inflammatory cytokines on periodontal disease and stem/progenitor cell‐mediated healing processes is pivotal to their understanding as well as further guidance and optimization of periodontal reparative/regenerative approaches clinically. Numerous inflammatory cytokines have been extensively studied in the oral field regarding their roles in inflammatory periodontal disease progression, healing/regeneration, and regarding their impact on periodontal stem/progenitor cells’ behavior. Amongst the most potent pro‐inflammatory cytokines appearing during periodontal inflammation are IL‐1β, IL‐6, TNF‐α, and IFN‐γ …”

“…A constellation of eight cytokines/chemokines together with TNF‐α was recently identified, as specific candidates orchestrating, through their differential concentrations, the proliferation, migration, homing, and subsequent differentiation of stem/progenitor cells in the inflamed periodontium (see below). During inflammatory processes, three cytokines/chemokines of the acute inflammatory phase (IL‐8/CXCL8, MIP‐1/CCL3, and TNF‐α) appear, three chemokines related to the transitional progress from acute to chronic inflammatory phases (MDC‐1/CCL22, MCP‐1/CCL2, and RANTES/CCL5) are increased and two homeostatic chemokines (BCA‐1/CXCL13 and SDF‐1/CXCL12) decrease or disappear in the affected periodontal tissues . These inflammatory biomolecules and their temporized introduction could regulate the periodontal cells’ survival, behavior, and activity, and thereby the duration, extent, and outcome of the disease or its therapy (Figure ).…”

Oral Mesenchymal Stem/Progenitor Cells: The Immunomodulatory Masters

“…PDLSCs cultured in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (5 ng/ml)/tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-) α (10 ng/mL) inflammatory microenvironment upregulated their expression of CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), which downregulated the tissuereleased chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12 by bonding to it, thereby increasing PDLSCs' homing activity [38]. Moreover, the proinflammatory chemokine RANTES/CCL5 increased the migrated activity of PDLSCs, through the enhancement of the actin skeleton, the focal adhesion, the corresponding ECM receptors, and the cellular migration signaling pathway [39]. In conclusion, a controlled inflammatory microenvironment could significantly affect the homing and migration ability of oral MSCs.…”