Chemokine-Mediated B Cell Trafficking during Early Rabbit GALT Development

Zhai, Shuangmeng; Volgina, Veronica V.; Sethupathi, Periannan; Knight, Katherine L.; Lanning, Dennis

doi:10.4049/jimmunol.1302575

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The integrins interact with mucosal addressing cellular adhesion molecule-1 (MadCAM-1) [41]. Diapedesis of the naïve cells into the Peyer's patch is facilitated by the chemokines CXCL13, CCL19, and CCL21 [48].…”

Section: The Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissues (Galt) Following Pnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenteral Nutrition Modeling and Research Advances

Kumari¹,

Pierre²

2022

Preclinical Animal Modeling in Medicine

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Parenteral nutrition (PN) provides nutritional support intravenously to individuals who have gastrointestinal (GI) failure or contraindication to enteral feeding. Since the initial development of PN, researchers have developed specialized formulas with complete macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, minerals, and electrolytes to support patients’ metabolic needs. These formulas prevent malnutrition and optimize patient health, especially under long-term feeding circumstances. Although PN is commonly used and essential in preterm and malnourished patients, complications associated with PN feeding include gastrointestinal defects, infection, and other metabolic abnormalities such as liver injury and brain related disorders. In this chapter, we highlight an overview of PN and its association with abnormalities of microbiome composition as well as with gastrointestinal (GI), immune, hepatic, and neuronal disfunction. Within the gut, PN influences the number and composition of gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) cells, altering adaptive immune responses. PN also modulates intestinal epithelium cell turnover, secretions, and gut barrier function, as well as the composition of the intestinal microbiome leading to changes in gut permeability. Collectively, these changes result in increased susceptibility to infection and injury. Here, we highlight animal models used to examine parenteral nutrition, changes that occur to the major organ systems, and recent advancement in using enteric nervous system (ENS) neuropeptides or microbially derived products during PN, which may improve GI, immune cell, hepatic, and neuronal function.

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Section: The Gut-associated Lymphoid Tissues (Galt) Following Pnmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenteral Nutrition Modeling and Research Advances

Kumari¹,

Pierre²

2022

Preclinical Animal Modeling in Medicine

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“…After the generation of a very limited BCR repertoire in the bone marrow, rabbit B cells migrate to the appendix, start to proliferate and diversify the repertoire by gene conversion and somatic hypermutation (52,53). To do so, B cell follicles develop with a highly proliferating follicle base region and a non-proliferative apical region where FDCs are located (53) and the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis seems likely to guide the cells into the follicle base, the sole location of CXCL12 expression (54). The observation that chicken bursal B cell follicles show a CXCL12 expression pattern similar to mammalian GCs and B cell follicles in the rabbit appendix strongly argues in favor of CXCL12 guiding the third migration step of bursal B cells across the basement membrane to establish the follicle cortex/medulla architecture.…”

Section: Cxcr4-cxcl12 Interaction Contributes To Follicle Formation Amentioning

confidence: 99%

In and Out of the Bursa—The Role of CXCR4 in Chicken B Cell Development

et al. 2020

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In contrast to mammals, early B cell differentiation and diversification of the antibody repertoire in chickens do not take place in the bone marrow but in a specialized gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT), the bursa of Fabricius. During embryonic development, B cell precursors migrate to the bursa anlage, where they proliferate and diversify their B cell receptor repertoire. Around hatch these diversified B cells start to emigrate from the bursa of Fabricius and populate peripheral lymphoid organs, but very little is known how the migratory processes are regulated. As CXCL12 (syn. SDF-1) and CXCR4 were shown to be essential for the control of B cell migration during the development of lymphoid tissues in mammals, we analyzed expression and function of this chemokine/chemokine-receptor pair in the chicken bursa. We found a strong variation of mRNA abundance of CXCL12 and CXCR4 in different stages of bursa development, with high abundance of CXCL12 mRNA in the bursa anlage at embryonic day 10 (ED10). In situ hybridization demonstrated disseminated CXCL12 expression in the early bursa anlage, which condensed in the developing follicles and was mainly restricted to the follicle cortex post-hatch. Flow cytometric analysis detected CXCR4 protein already on early B cell stages, increasing during bursal development. Post-hatch, a subpopulation with the hallmarks of emigrating B cells became detectable, which had lower CXCR4 expression, suggesting that downregulation of CXCR4 is necessary to leave the CXCL12-high bursal environment. In vivo blockade of CXCR4 using AMD3100 at the time of B cell precursor immigration strongly inhibited follicle development, demonstrating that CXCL12 attracts pre-bursal B cells into the bursal anlage. Altogether, we show that CXCL12 and its receptor CXCR4 are important for both populating the bursa with B cells and emigration of mature B cells into the periphery post hatch, and that CXCR4 function in primary B cell organs is conserved between mammals and birds.

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“…Within PP, CCL19 and CCL21 stimulate T lymphocyte entry, whereas CXCL13 stimulates B lymphocyte entry. 79,80 CCL25 stimulates mucosal immune cell memory and homing back to mucosal surfaces. CCL28, which has direct novel antimicrobial functions, stimulates antibody production in plasma cells, as does CCL25.…”

Section: What Is the Gi Immune System?mentioning

confidence: 99%