Chemokines and their association with body mass index among healthy Saudis

Abstract

Obesity is a chronic disorder that is associated with body mass index (BMI) of greater or equal to 30 kg/m2. The prevalence of obesity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) is increasing at an alarming rate and is expected to reach 41% in men and up to 78% in women by 2022. Since chemokines are associated with involuntary weight loss, the objective of this study was to elucidate their association with BMI among Saudis. A questionnaire was used to collect information about diet, health conditions, and demographics from 15 men and 16 women who participated in the study. BMI was calculated based on clinical measurements and participants were classified according to their BMI category as: normal, underweight, overweight, or obese. Serum samples were collected for a multiplex assay using the Human Chemokine Magnetic 30-plex panel. The serum concentration of either the monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG) or the CXC-motif chemokine ligand 9 (CXCL-9) was significantly increased in obese men (P = 0.0194) and women (P = 0.043) as compared to underweight men and women, respectively. However, the serum levels of other chemokines were not significantly different among the groups. We found that MIG levels are differentially regulated in serum, based on individuals’ BMI.

Serum Adipocytokines Levels and Their Association with Insulin Sensitivity in Morbidly Obese Individuals Undergoing Bariatric Surgery

“…Some of the recent studies have clearly demonstrated that higher IL-8 levels are associated with obesity. 13 IL-8 levels are also closely correlated with obesity-related parameters like BMI, waist circumference, CRP, IL-6 levels and HDL cholesterol levels. 31 One of the important and most abundant immune cells infiltrating the adipose tissue in obesity are macrophages, 10 and MCP-1 is an important chemoattractant chemokine produced by adipose tissue mediating macrophage recruitment.…”

“…Some of the recent studies have clearly demonstrated that higher IL-8 levels are associated with obesity. 13 IL-8 levels are also closely correlated with obesity-related parameters like BMI, waist circumference, CRP, IL-6 levels and HDL cholesterol levels. 31 …”

“…Multiplexing also minimizes reaction to reaction inconsistencies as might be seen with a separate ELISA for each cytokine. 13 , 14 …”

“…We chose the Luminex multiplex immunoassay in combination with drop array technology for our study considering its advantages over conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 13 , 14 …”

“…We chose the Luminex multiplex immunoassay in combination with drop array technology for our study considering its advantages over conventional enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 13,14 Modulation of inflammatory status in obesity seems fundamental to its complex relationship with insulin response. Thus, by using the calculated parameters of insulin sensitivity homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), 15 the marker of homeostatic model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) 16 and the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), 17 we aimed to establish an association between circulating adipocytokines and insulin sensitivity in obesity.…”