Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer by Dietary Compounds

Costea, Teodora; Hudiţă, Ariana; Ciolac, Oana-Alina; Gălățeanu, Bianca; Ginghină, Octav; Costache, Marieta; Ganea, Constanţa; Mocanu, Maria-Magdalena

doi:10.3390/ijms19123787

Cited by 78 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 273 publications

(302 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…These results, which were in line with the microscopic considerations, suggested that attempted transitions from mesenchymal to neuronal lineage occurred in the GBM cells exposed to crocetin treatment. Different independent studies showed the capacity of crocetin to induce cancer cell differentiation through the inhibition of particular factors involved in the regulation of gene expression, such as HDACs [33,34]. Indeed, these proteins are important players in the onset and maintenance of tumors due to their inhibitory effects on the expression of suppressor genes in neoplastic disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crocetin Extracted from Saffron Shows Antitumor Effects in Models of Human Glioblastoma

Colapietro

Mancini

Vitale

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Over recent years, many authors discussed the effects of different natural compounds on glioblastoma (GBM). Due to its capacity to impair survival and progression of different cancer types, saffron extract (SE), named crocetin (CCT), is particularly noteworthy. In this work, we elucidated the antitumor properties of crocetin in glioma in vivo and in vitro models for the first time. The in vitro results showed that the four tumor cell lines observed in this study (U251, U87, U138, and U373), which were treated with increasing doses of crocetin, showed antiproliferative and pro-differentiative effects as demonstrated by a significant reduction in the number of viable cells, deep changes in cell morphology, and the modulation of mesenchymal and neuronal markers. Indeed, crocetin decreased the expression of Cluster of Differentiation CD44, CD90, CXCR4, and OCT3/4 mesenchymal markers, but increased the expression of βIII-Tubulin and neurofilaments (NFH) neuronal linage-related markers. Epigenetic mechanisms may modulate these changes, since Histone Deacetylase, HDAC1 and HDAC3 were downmodulated in U251 and U87 cells, whereas HDAC1 expression was downmodulated in U138 and U373 cells. Western blotting analyses of Fatty Acid Synthase, FASN, and CD44 resulted in effective inhibition of these markers after CCT treatment, which was associated with important activation of the apoptosis program and reduced glioma cell movement and wound repair. The in vivo studies aligned with the results obtained in vitro. Indeed, crocetin was demonstrated to inhibit the growth of U251 and U87 cells that were subcutaneously injected into animal models. In particular, the Tumor To Progression or TTP values and Kaplan–Meier curves indicated that crocetin had more major effects than radiotherapy alone, but similar effects to temozolomide (TMZ). An intra-brain cell inoculation of a small number of luciferase-transfected U251 cells provided a model that was able to recapitulate recurrence after surgical tumor removal. The results obtained from the orthotopic intra-brain model indicated that CCT treatment increased the disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates, inducing a delay in appearance of a detectable bioluminescent lesion. CCT showed greater efficacy than Radio Therapy (RT) but comparable efficacy to temozolomide in xenograft models. Therefore, we aimed to continue the study of crocetin’s effects in glioma disease, focusing our attention on the radiosensitizing properties of the natural compound and highlighting the ways in which this was realized.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crocetin Extracted from Saffron Shows Antitumor Effects in Models of Human Glioblastoma

Colapietro

Mancini

Vitale

et al. 2020

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The effects of carotenoids, mainly β-carotene and lycopene, on a range of cancer biomarkers have been reported. These include those for lung cancer [22,23], colon cancer [24] and breast cancer [25,26].…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The Benefits and Risks of Certain Dietary Carotenoids that Exhibit both Anti- and Pro-Oxidative Mechanisms—A Comprehensive Review

Boehm²,

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Carotenoid pigments, particularly β-carotene and lycopene, are consumed in human foodstuffs and play a vital role in maintaining health. β-carotene is known to quench singlet oxygen and can have strong antioxidant activity. As such, it was proposed that β-carotene might reduce the risk of cancer. Epidemiological studies found inverse relationships between cancer risk and β-carotene intake or blood levels. However, clinical trials failed to support those findings and β-carotene supplementation actually increased lung cancer incidence in male smokers. Early experimental animal studies found dietary β-carotene inhibited UV-induced skin cancers. Later studies found that β-carotene supplementation exacerbated UV-carcinogenic expression. The discrepancies of these results were related to the type of diet the animals consumed. Lycopene has been associated with reduced risk of lethal stage prostate cancer. Other carotenoids, e.g., lutein and zeaxanthin, play a vital role in visual health. Numerous studies of molecular mechanisms to explain the carotenoids’ mode of action have centered on singlet oxygen, as well as radical reactions. In cellular systems, singlet oxygen quenching by carotenoids has been reported but is more complex than in organic solvents. In dietary β-carotene supplement studies, damaging pro-oxidant reactivity can also arise. Reasons for this switch are likely due to the properties of the carotenoid radicals themselves. Understanding singlet oxygen reactions and the anti-/pro-oxidant roles of carotenoids are of importance to photosynthesis, vision and cancer.

show abstract

“…The anticancer potential and chemoprevention of polyphenols for cancer is a very innovative topic in the field of food, nutrition, and health, and have been recently reviewed by several authors [76][77][78]. Preliminary studies in different animal models, human epidemiological trials, and cell lines indicate a correlation between polyphenolic intake an prevention of a particular cancer, showing a decreased risk for different types of cancer or diminished recurrence of cancer after the consumption of flavonoids, especially in the case of CRC [77][78][79]. In Table 1, we observe most relevant studies on the action of polyphenols in connection to CRC.…”

Section: Direct and Gut-microbiota-modulating Mechanisms Of Action Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interplay between Dietary Polyphenols and Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Colorectal Cancer

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most diagnosed type of cancer worldwide. Dietary features play an important role in its development, and the involvement of human microbial communities in this pathology has also recently been recognized. Individuals with CRC display alterations in gut bacterial composition and a notably higher abundance of putative oral bacteria in colonic tumors. Many experimental studies and preclinical evidence propose that dietary polyphenols have a relevant role in CRC development and progression, mainly attributed to their immunomodulatory activities. Furthermore, polyphenols can modulate oral and gut microbiota, and in turn, intestinal microbes catabolize polyphenols to release metabolites that are often more active and better absorbed than the original phenolic compounds. The current study aimed to review and summarize current knowledge on the role of microbiota and the interactions between dietary polyphenols and microbiota in relation to CRC development. We have highlighted the mechanisms by which dietary polyphenols and/or their microbial metabolites exert their action on the pathogenesis and prevention of CRC as modulators of the composition and/or activity of oral and intestinal microbiota, including novel screening biomarkers and possible nutritional therapeutic implications.

show abstract

Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer by Dietary Compounds

Cited by 78 publications

References 273 publications

Crocetin Extracted from Saffron Shows Antitumor Effects in Models of Human Glioblastoma

Crocetin Extracted from Saffron Shows Antitumor Effects in Models of Human Glioblastoma

The Benefits and Risks of Certain Dietary Carotenoids that Exhibit both Anti- and Pro-Oxidative Mechanisms—A Comprehensive Review

Interplay between Dietary Polyphenols and Oral and Gut Microbiota in the Development of Colorectal Cancer

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About