Chemopreventive effect of natural dietary compounds on xenobiotic-induced toxicity

Abstract

Contaminants (or pollutants) that affect human health have become an important issue, spawning a myriad of studies on how to prevent harmful contaminant-induced effects. Recently, a variety of biological functions of natural dietary compounds derived from consumed foods and plants have been demonstrated in a number of studies. Natural dietary compounds exhibited several beneficial effects for the prevention of disease and the inhibition of chemically-induced carcinogenesis. Contaminant-induced toxicity and carcinogenesis are mostly attributed to the mutagenic activity of reactive metabolites and the disruption of normal biological functions. Therefore, the metabolic regulation of hazardous chemicals is key to reducing contaminant-induced adverse health effects. Moreover, promoting contaminant excretion from the body through Phase I and II metabolizing enzymes is also a useful strategy for reducing contaminant-induced toxicity. This review focuses on summarizing the natural dietary compounds derived from common dietary foods and plants and their possible mechanisms of action in the prevention/suppression of contaminant-induced toxicity.

Flavonoids as modulators of metabolic enzymes and drug transporters

“…Environmental pollutants, food additives and contaminants, food processing by‐products, pesticides, and drugs are xenobiotics to which people are frequently exposed. Once they enter the human body, xenobiotics undergo extensive metabolism, resulting in their detoxification or bioactivation . Besides phase I and phase II metabolic reactions, solute carrier (SLC) and ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate xenobiotic uptake and efflux, respectively, thus playing important roles in the disposition and elimination of xenobiotics …”

“…Among the natural compounds with the ability to modulate metabolic enzymes and transporters, flavonoids have attracted considerable interest. Flavonoids are widely distributed in medicinal plants, fruits, vegetables, plant‐derived foods, and beverages, being endowed with a wide range of biological effects (antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral) . Flavonoids occur as aglycones and glycosylated and methylated derivatives.…”

“…Once they enter the human body, xenobiotics undergo extensive metabolism, resulting in their detoxification or bioactivation. 1,2 Besides phase I and phase II metabolic reactions, solute carrier (SLC) and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters mediate xenobiotic uptake and efflux, respectively, thus playing important roles in the disposition and elimination of xenobiotics. 3 Among the natural compounds with the ability to modulate metabolic enzymes and transporters, flavonoids have attracted considerable interest.…”

Polymethoxyflavones prevent benzo[a]pyrene/dextran sodium sulfate‐induced colorectal carcinogenesis through modulating xenobiotic metabolism and ameliorate autophagic defect in ICR mice

“…This is accomplished through modulation of the type and expression level of xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes (XEMs) to reduce the production of reactive metabolites or increase the ability of antioxidative stress. 16,17 Following initiation, promotion is a prolonged stage that contain several reversible mechanisms in the process of tumor promotion such as cell cycle dysregulation, uncontrolled cell proliferation, programmed cell death (PCD) disorder and excessive inflammatory response. 15,18 Therefore, intervention in the promotion stage is a suitable and useful strategy.…”

Fatty acids of oil and antioxidant capacity of phenolics from fruits of 11 Cardueae (Carduoideae, Asteraceae) taxa from northeast Anatolia (Turkey)

“…Efforts have therefore been made to introduce new oil seed sources with high nutritional and pharmaceutical values against such chronic and degenerative diseases (Sarwar et al 2013). Many edible plants are capable of producing natural chemopreventive compounds which have no synthetic counterparts and which play a protective role in the maintenance of human health (Wu et al 2017).…”