Chemotherapy-Based Control of Schistosomiasis Haematobia

King, Charles H.; Lombardi, Giuseppe; Lombardi, C; Greenblatt, Ruth M.; Hodder, Sally; Kinyanjui, H.; Ouma, John H.; Odiambo, O; Bryan, Patrick J.; Muruka, J

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1990.42.587

Cited by 37 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Dulshatalo is one of the urinary schistosomiasis endemic areas in Ethiopia. It is 800 m above sea level and has population of 801 people [35]. Most of the residents lived in the area since birth and are involved in traditional gold mining.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium in Dulshatalo village, western Ethiopia

et al. 2013

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BackgroundPraziquantel (PZQ) is the drug of choice for treatment of all human schistosomes. It is used in population based targeted or mass deworming strategies in several countries. The effect of PZQ on S. hematobium has not been studied in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of PZQ against S. haematobium in Dulshatalo village, western Ethiopia.MethodsA prospective study was conducted from October to December, 2007. Urine samples from 341 residents were collected and screened for haematuria and proteinuria using urinalysis dipstick. S. haematobium eggs were detected and quantified using filtration techniques. The participants who were positive for haematuria were treated with a standard dose of PZQ (40 mg/kg). Data on pre and 24 hours post treatment symptoms were collected via questionnaire. Urine samples were also collected 7 weeks after treatment and examined to assess the cure and the egg reduction rates.ResultsThe prevalence of S. haematobium among the study participants was 57.8% (197/341). Haematuria was detected in 234 (68.6%) of the study participants. For PZQ efficacy asessment, 152 of the treated participants were considered. The presence of S. haemetaobium eggs showed statistically significant association (p < 0.05) with haematuria and proteinuria. Seven weeks post treatment, the extent of haematuria and proteinuria decreased from 100% to 40.8% and 94.07% to 48.7%, respectively. The cure and the parasitological egg reduction rates seven weeks post treatment were 86% and 85%, respectively. Post treatment symptoms revealed a wide range of side effects including straining, abdominal pain, nausea and headache.ConclusionsThere were marked cure and egg reduction rates, together with mild and short lived side effects of PZQ for treatment of S. haematobium, in this study.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of Praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium in Dulshatalo village, western Ethiopia

et al. 2013

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“…We analyzed the pattern of infections in children 6-17 years of age, the age group that exhibits the highest infection levels. 18 Differences in prevalence between age groups were tested using the homogeneity χ 2 test. The Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for comparing distributions of infection intensity and density for two demographic groups and three or more demographic groups, respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Drought on the Spatial Pattern of Transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in Coastal Kenya

Mutuku¹,

King²,

Bustinduy³

et al. 2011

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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We analyzed temporal changes in spatial patterns of active Schistosoma haematobium infection in different age groups and associated them with ponds infested with Bulinus snails. A major drought between 2001 and 2009 resulted in drying of ponds that were known sources of infection, and we detected very few or no snails in ponds that were infested in the past. The household-level spatial pattern of infection for children of various age groups in 2009 was contrasted with historical data from 2000. The significant local clustering of high- and low-infection levels among school-aged children that occurred in 2000 was absent in 2009. We attribute the disappearance of significant clustering around historical transmission hot spots to a decade-long drought in our study area. The implications of extreme weather and climate conditions on risk and transmission of S. haematobium and their relevance to control strategies are discussed.

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“…A more comprehensive integrated management of schistosomiasis, including effective MDA of both preschool and school age children, needs to be adopted as a better strategy for control. (Cook et al, 1977;Moore, 1972;Warren et al, 1978 (King et al, 1988;King et al, 1990) Hallucinations (da Silva et al, 1975;Ferrari et al, 2003)…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…<<Please insert Table 1 here>> Since 1984, praziquantel (PZQ), the current drug of choice, has displaced older drugs of lesser effectiveness for all types of schistosomiasis. (Doenhoff et al, 2008;King et al, 1988;King & Mahmoud, 1989) Its full mechanism of action remains unclear, but it is thought to act on the calcium ion channels of schistosome's tegument leading to disruption of the parasite's surface, and exposing it to lethal damage by the host's immune system (Doenhoff et al, 2008). Adult dose finding studies in the 1970's and 1980's concluded that a single PZQ dose of 40 mg/kg was effective for treating S.…”

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confidence: 99%

One hundred years of neglect in paediatric schistosomiasis

et al. 2017

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Early in the history of schistosomiasis research, children under 5 years of age were known to be infected. Although this problem was recognized over 100 years ago, insufficient action has been taken to address this issue. Under current policy, such infected children only receive their first antiparasitic treatment (praziquantel - PZQ) upon entry into primary school as current mass drug administration programmes typically target school-aged children. For many infected children, they will wait up to 6 years before receiving their first medication and significant schistosomiasis-related morbidity may have already established. This inequity would not be accepted for other diseases. To unveil some of the reasons behind this neglect, it is paramount to understand the intricate historical relationship between schistosomiasis and British Imperial medicine, to underline its lasting influence on today's public health priorities. This review presents a perspective on the historical neglect of paediatric schistosomiasis, focusing on important gaps that persist from the early days after discovery of this parasite. Looking to end this inequity, we address several issues that need to be overcome to move forward towards the lasting success of schistosomiasis control and elimination efforts.

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Chemotherapy-Based Control of Schistosomiasis Haematobia

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Efficacy of Praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium in Dulshatalo village, western Ethiopia

Efficacy of Praziquantel against Schistosoma haematobium in Dulshatalo village, western Ethiopia

Impact of Drought on the Spatial Pattern of Transmission of Schistosoma haematobium in Coastal Kenya

One hundred years of neglect in paediatric schistosomiasis

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