Chemotherapy of surra in horses and mules with diminazene aceturate

Tuntasuvan, Darunee; Jarabrum, W; Viseshakul, Nareerat; Mohkaew, K; Borisutsuwan, Somchai; Theeraphan, A; Kongkanjana, N

doi:10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00304-7

Cited by 66 publications

(42 citation statements)

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“…No entanto, jumentos infectados experimentalmente com T. evansi (Cadioli 2001) apresentaram sinais clínicos de distúrbios encefálicos, caracterizados por torcicolo, dismetria e andar em círculos, e lesões encefálicas semelhantes às descritas em nossos eqüinos. Bovinos (Tuntasuvan et al 1997, Tuntasuvan & Luckins 1998 e veados (Tuntasuvan et al 2003) naturalmente infectados desenvolveram um quadro clínico e lesões semelhantes.…”

Section: Discussão Discussão Discussão Discussão Discussãounclassified

Surtos de tripanossomíase por Trypanosoma evansi em eqüinos no Rio Grande do Sul: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, hematológicos e patológicos

et al. 2005

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Additionally, around 80 mares were sent to Farm A to be bred. Of those, 66 became ill and 56 died after being returned to their farms of origin. Twenty one horses clinically affected by the disease were observed. Clinical signs included loss of weight (despite voracious appetite), lethargy, incoordination and instability of hindlimbs, atrophy of the large muscles of the hindlimbs, muscle weakness and paleness of mucosae. Specimens of T. evansi were detected in the blood drawn from four affected horses. Normocytic normochromic anemia with PCVs ranging from 15 to 31%, leucocytosis due to lymphocytosis associated to large atypical lymphocytes was observed in several affected horses. High levels of antibodies against T. evansi were detected in the serum of six horses from Farm A. Eight horses presented encephalic neurological signs such as circling, ataxia, blindness, excitation, falls, listlessness, proprioception deficits and head tilt. One horse assumed a "dogseating position". Necropsy findings included muscle atrophy, enlargement and lymphoid hyperplasia of the spleen and lymphnodes, edema and softening of the white and grey matter of the brain. Histologically, an overwhelming necrotizing panencephalitis was observed in the seven horses with encephalic signs. This panencephalitis was characterized by marked edema, demyelination and necrosis and perivascular infiltrates of 6-10 layers of lymphocytes and plasm cells affecting both the white and gray matter. Several plasm cells in the inflammatory infiltrate contained numerous eosinophilic globules in their cytoplasm (Mott cells). Similar histological lesions were observed in the spinal cord of the horse with the "dog-seating position". The brains of five horses with the encephalic signs were submitted to immunohistochemistry stain by the streptavidinbiotin technique. In all of those five brains moderate to abundant specimens of T. evansi in the perivascular spaces and neuropile were marked by the specific antibody. Epidemiological, clinical, hematological, and pathological aspects of equine trypanosomiasis caused by T. evansi are discussed.

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Surtos de tripanossomíase por Trypanosoma evansi em eqüinos no Rio Grande do Sul: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, hematológicos e patológicos

et al. 2005

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“…In India, the disease condition caused due to T. evansi infection is commonly known as 'surra' and is prevalent in almost all the states, but with greater frequency in the arid and semiarid zones (Bhatia and Shah 2001). Chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis are the only practical methods available at present for the control of animal trypanosomosis (Chaka and Abebe 2003) but emergence of drug resistant strains limits the use of the currently available anti-trypanosomal drugs (Brun et al 1998;Tuntasuvan et al 2003). Hence sustainability of chemotherapy and chemoprophylaxis of this infection in India would depend on introduction of drugs which are hitherto not in common use.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of isometamidium hydrochloride on Trypanosoma evansi infections in rats

2009

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Effect of Isometamidium treatment of rats infected with Trypanosoma evansi was studied under experimental condition. The infection resulted in 100 per cent mortality by 7 day post treatment (DPT) in the infected untreated rats (Gr.II) and Isometamidium-HCl exerted 90 percent anti-trypanosomal effi cacy. Haematological studies of all the groups on 3 day post infection (DPI) and on 7 DPT showed that T. evansi infection signifi cantly decreased haematological values, however Isometamidium treatment signifi cantly (P < 0.05) improved Hb and PCV without any signifi cant changes in TEC and TLC values. Serum AST and ALT activities were signifi cantly (P < 0.01) higher in the treated rats compared to healthy rats. Treatment with Isometamidium-HCl signifi cantly improved blood glucose level but decreased creatinine level compared to pretreatment values. There was no signifi cant change in BUN level of treated rats but the value was higher (P < 0.01) compared to healthy rats.

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“…Our research group has investigated in recent years alternative treatments for T. evansi infection because chemotherapy with diminazene aceturate and suramim used in the treatment of trypanosomosis has proved ineffective in many cases (TUNTASUVAN et al, 2003;SILVA et al, 2008b;SILVA et al, 2010). Studies have demonstrated that these drugs have limited effectiveness because they do not cross the blood-brain barrier, thereby creating a potential refuge for trypanosomes during the systemic phase of drug action (JENNINGS et al, 1977;SPINOSA et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trypanocidal activity of human plasma on Trypanosoma evansi in mice

Silva

Duck

Fanfa

et al. 2012

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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This study aimed to test an alternative protocol with human plasma to control Trypanosoma evansi infection in mice. Plasma from an apparently 27-year-old healthy male, blood type A+, was used in the study. A concentration of 100 mg.dL-1 apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1) was detected in the plasma. Forty mice were divided into four groups with 10 animals each. Group A comprised uninfected animals. Mice from groups B, C and D were inoculated with a T. evansi isolate. Group B was used as a positive control. At three days post-infection (DPI), the mice were administered intraperitoneally with human plasma. A single dose of 0.2 mL plasma was given to those in group C. The mice from group D were administered five doses of 0.2 mL plasma with a 24 hours interval between the doses. Group B showed high increasing parasitemia that led to their death within 5 DPI. Both treatments eliminated parasites from the blood and increased the longevity of animals. An efficacy of 50 (group C) and 80% (group D) of human plasma trypanocidal activity was found using PCR. This therapeutic success was likely achieved in the group D due to their higher levels of APOL1 compared with group C.

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Chemotherapy of surra in horses and mules with diminazene aceturate

Cited by 66 publications

References 5 publications

Surtos de tripanossomíase por Trypanosoma evansi em eqüinos no Rio Grande do Sul: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, hematológicos e patológicos

Surtos de tripanossomíase por Trypanosoma evansi em eqüinos no Rio Grande do Sul: aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos, hematológicos e patológicos

Effect of isometamidium hydrochloride on Trypanosoma evansi infections in rats

Trypanocidal activity of human plasma on Trypanosoma evansi in mice

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