Chicken domestication changes expression of stress-related genes in brain, pituitary and adrenals

Løtvedt, Pia; Fallahshahroudi, Amir; Bektic, Lejla; Altimiras, Jordi; Jensen, Per

doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2017.08.002

Cited by 63 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 69 publications

(88 reference statements)

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“…The tissues were immediately snap frozen in liquid nitrogen and later stored in a 280°freezer until further analysis. RNA extraction, quality control, and RT-PCR was conducted according to previously published protocols (Løtvedt et al 2017). PCR primers for BCO1 and BCO2 were designed using NCBI primer design tool (Ye et al 2012) (Table S1).…”

Section: Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The DomesticBCO2Allele Buffers Low-Carotenoid Diets in Chickens: Possible Fitness Increase Through Species Hybridization

et al. 2019

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Domestic animals are adapted to conditions vastly different from those of their wild ancestors, and this is particularly true for their diets. The most numerous of all domestic species, the chicken, originated from the Red Junglefowl (RJF), a native of subtropical forests in Southeast Asia. Surprisingly however, in domestic chicken breeds, a common haplotype of the b-carotene oxygenase 2 (BCO2) gene, which is involved in carotenoid metabolism, is introgressed from a related species, the Gray Junglefowl, and has been under strong selective pressure during domestication. This suggests that a hybridization event may have conferred a fitness advantage on chickens carrying the derived allele. To investigate the possible biological function of the introgressed BCO2 allele in chicken, we introgressed the ancestral BCO2 allele into domestic White Leghorn chickens. We measured gene expression as well as carotenoid accumulation in skin and eggs of chickens carrying either the ancestral or the derived BCO2 allele. The derived haplotype was associated with down-regulation of BCO2 in skin, muscle, and adipose tissue, but not in liver or duodenum, indicating that carotenoid accumulation occurred in the tissues with reduced gene expression. Most importantly, we found that hens with the derived BCO2 genotype were capable of allocating stored carotenoids to their eggs, suggesting a functional benefit through buffering any shortage in the diet during egg production. Nevertheless, it is of interest that loss of function mutations in BCO2 gene are prevalent in other domesticates including cows, rabbits, and sheep, and, given the importance of carotenoids in development, reproduction, and immunity, it is possible that derived BCO2 alleles may provide a general mechanism in multiple domestic species to deal with higher demand for carotenoids in an environment with carotenoid shortage in the diet.

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Section: Gene Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The DomesticBCO2Allele Buffers Low-Carotenoid Diets in Chickens: Possible Fitness Increase Through Species Hybridization

et al. 2019

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“…Experimental selection of red junglefowl for tameness also leads to changes in hypothalamic gene expression. [18][19][20][21] Comparison of wild and laboratory "domesticated" strains of rats (Rattus rattus) and mice (Mus musculus)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic transcriptome of tame and aggressive silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) identifies gene expression differences shared across brain regions

Rosenfeld

Hekman

Johnson

et al. 2019

Genes Brain and Behavior

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The underlying neurological events accompanying dog domestication remain elusive. To reconstruct the domestication process in an experimental setting, silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) have been deliberately bred for tame vs aggressive behaviors for more than 50 generations at the Institute for Cytology and Genetics in Novosibirsk, Russia. The hypothalamus is an essential part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and regulates the fight-or-flight response, and thus, we hypothesized that selective breeding for tameness/aggressiveness has shaped the hypothalamic transcriptomic profile. RNA-seq analysis identified 70 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Seven of these genes, DKKL1, FBLN7, NPL, PRIMPOL, PTGRN, SHCBP1L and SKIV2L, showed the same direction expression differences in the hypothalamus, basal forebrain and prefrontal cortex. The genes differentially expressed across the three tissues are involved in cell division, differentiation, adhesion and carbohydrate processing, suggesting an association of

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“…In combats, Shamo birds either fight or fly away ('fight-or-flight'). They must be able to take immediate action in response to changes in the NE level 55,65 . If Shamo birds were insensitive to pain during fighting, they could either continue fighting or escape.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the source of aggressiveness in gamecocks

Komiyama

Yoshikawa

Yokoyama

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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Although the fighting behaviour in gamecocks has evolved because of artificial selection, it is unknown whether the selection for aggressiveness affects neurotransmitter levels in the avian central nervous system. We sought to identify the source and origin of this trait. We collected the brain samples from 6 female Shamo gamecocks and 5 Shaver Brown chickens (control; bred for egg production). The midbrain levels of norepinephrine (NE) were significantly higher in Shamo gamecocks (P = 0.0087) than in the controls. Moreover, alleles encoding adrenergic receptors differed between the breeds in terms of response to NE. Gene mutations specific to Shamo and potentially associated with fighting behaviour were in sites T440N of ADRα1D; V296I of ADRα2A; and T44I, Q232R, and T277M of ADRβ2. The evolutionary analysis indicated that the ADRβ2 (T44I and Q232R) mutations were heritable in all Galliformes, whereas the T440N mutation of ADRα1D and V296I mutations of ADRα2A were unique to Shamo and originated by artificial selection. A high NE level may confer a selective advantage by enabling gamecocks to be aggressive and pain tolerant. Therefore, the strong fighting behaviour of Shamo has resulted from a combination of naturally inherited and mutant genes derived by artificial selection.

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Chicken domestication changes expression of stress-related genes in brain, pituitary and adrenals

Cited by 63 publications

References 69 publications

The DomesticBCO2Allele Buffers Low-Carotenoid Diets in Chickens: Possible Fitness Increase Through Species Hybridization

The DomesticBCO2Allele Buffers Low-Carotenoid Diets in Chickens: Possible Fitness Increase Through Species Hybridization

Hypothalamic transcriptome of tame and aggressive silver foxes (Vulpes vulpes) identifies gene expression differences shared across brain regions

Analysis of the source of aggressiveness in gamecocks

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