Child Age and Gender Differences in Food Security in a Low-Income Inner-City Population

Moffitt, Robert A.; Ribar, David C.

doi:10.2139/ssrn.2901842

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…Baker and Milligan (2016) found that parents spend more time in teaching activities for pre-school girls than boys. Durante et al (2015) conducted experiments in which people allocated more resources to daughters than sons, and Moffitt and Ribar (2016) found that disadvantaged families were more protective of daughters' food needs. Other things held equal, higher costs of daughters would reduce the amount of marriage-specific capital that a couple could produce and weaken the incentives to remain married.…”

Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Teenage Daughters as a Cause of Divorce

Kabátek

Ribar

2017

SSRN Journal

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In our paper, we are analysing the link between gender of children and the divorce risks faced by the parents. In other words, we ask whet her parents of girls divorce more often than parents of boys.This question has received considerable attention in the academ ic literature. Several American studies have found that families with first-born girls are slightly more likely to divorce than families with first-born boys. Other American studies have however challenged this finding, and there is no evidence from other developed countries showing that such a relationship exists. Thus, the quest ion remains largely unanswered.In our paper, we leverage the Dutch administrative data to overcome major limitations of the previous studies, and we show that there is indeed a link between the child's gender and the divorce risks faced by the parents: The Dutch families with daughters are more likely to divorce than families with sons. This relationship however does not hold universally. Up to the age of 12, the gender of a child has no influence over the parents' divorce risks. It is only when the children become teenagers that the parents of girls start to face higher risks of divorce. We find that throughout the teenage years, parents of first-born girls face 5% higher risks of divorce than parents of first-born boys. This effect peaks at the age of 15, when the risks faced by parents of girls become almost 10% higher than the risks faced by parents of similarly-aged boys. In the following years, the excess risks decline, and eventually disappear when the children turn 19. The same age-specific associations are found among second-and third-born daughters, although the magnitudes of the effect are lower.We show that our results cannot be explained by son preference of Dutch parents, or by a host of other previously-postulated mechanisms such as the non-random assignment of gender to children, or higher financial costs of daughters. Instead, our study suggests that the increased odds of divorce should be attributed to the relationship strains between parents and their teenage daughters. This claim is supported by an analysis of a large survey of Dutch households, which shows that parents with teenage daughters are more likely to disagree about the way their child should be raised, and they report lower satisfaction with their life and the quality of family relationships compared to parents with teenage sons. Teenage daughters themselves tend to report worse relationships with their fathers.Additional analyses of the administrative data emphasize the role of the relationship between the father and his daughter. A particularly interesting result comes from an exercise in which we split the sample into two groups, distinguishing between fathers who grew up with sisters, and fathers who did not. This split yields a contrasting set of results: Fathers who grew up without sisters are subject to a pronounced increase of divorce odds when their daughters become teenagers, whereas the fathers with sisters are not. Remarkably, the fat...

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Section: Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Teenage Daughters as a Cause of Divorce

Kabátek

Ribar

2017

SSRN Journal

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“…Second, the 18-item household food security module does not provide the duration or frequency of food insecurity, because it only evaluates any occurrence of food-insecure events over the past 12 months. Third, this study assumed that the first child in a family was representative of all children in the family; however, older children in poor households may be more food insecure than younger children (Moffitt and Ribar, 2018). Finally, the present study is a cross-sectional research and, therefore, cause and effect relationships cannot be assessed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of food security, body mass index, micronutrient adequacy and adherence to Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 among Iranian households

Moosavian

Feizi

Esmaillzadeh

et al. 2020

NFS

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Purpose There is limited knowledge about the association of food insecurity and dietary quality among the Iranian households. The purpose of this study is to determine diet quality among the Iranian households and to investigate whether dietary quality is associated with food security status in this population. Design/methodology/approach The 18-item household food security questionnaire was administered to 200 households from different parts of Isfahan, Iran. Households were selected by two-stage cluster randomized sampling. Households were categorized into four groups based on their score on the questionnaire; food secure (total score 0), mild food insecure (total score 1–2), moderate food insecure (total score 3–7) and severe food insecure (total score 8–18). In the second stage of the study, 25 households were selected from each food security status group to evaluate the micronutrient adequacy and assess the adherence to Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 (AHEI-2010). Findings Food-secure households had higher adherence to the AHEI-2010 than food-insecure households (p < 0.001). Food-secure households consistently achieved higher value of the nutrient adequacy ratio for most of the micronutrients than food-insecure households, with the greatest differences seen for zinc (p < 0.001) in households (father, mother and first child), vitamin D (p < 0.001), vitamin A (father: p = 0.05, mother: p = 0.04), calcium (p < 0.001) and iron (father: p = 0.02, mother: p < 0.001) in mother and father. Originality/value Low dietary quality was associated with food insecurity. Food-secure households had higher micronutrient adequacy ratio for most of the nutrients.

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“…Interestingly, we do not see similar decreases in school lunch participation post‐SNAP pay for 5–10 year olds. This is an important finding, because middle and high school students are less likely to participate in school meals (Mitcherva and Powell ) and they are also less protected from food insecurity relative to younger children (Moffitt and Ribar ). Adolescents may have more attractive competing options or the stigma associated with subsidized lunches is higher for them, preferring to bring lunch from home or purchase from other vendors instead.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does School Lunch Fill the “SNAP Gap” at the End of the Month?

Laurito

Schwartz

2019

Southern Economic Journal

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This article investigates the relationship between the timing of Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefit payments and participation in school lunch and breakfast using the National Household Food Acquisition and Purchase Survey. An event study approach examines participation over the five‐day window before and after the SNAP payment. We find that school lunch participation decreases by 17–23 percentage points immediately after the SNAP payment among 11–18 year olds while breakfast drops by 19–36 percentage points. The decline begins the day prior to payment. We find no effects for 5–10 year olds. Models examining participation over the full SNAP month using individual fixed effects yield similar findings. Among teenagers, participation in school lunch and breakfast decline in the first two weeks of the SNAP month, increasing afterward. Non‐school meals show the opposite pattern. Overall, results indicate SNAP households rely more on school lunch and breakfast toward the end of the SNAP month.

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Child Age and Gender Differences in Food Security in a Low-Income Inner-City Population

Cited by 5 publications

References 50 publications

Teenage Daughters as a Cause of Divorce

Teenage Daughters as a Cause of Divorce

Association of food security, body mass index, micronutrient adequacy and adherence to Alternative Healthy Eating Index 2010 among Iranian households

Does School Lunch Fill the “SNAP Gap” at the End of the Month?

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