Child and adolescent mental illness during COVID-19: A rapid review

Racine, Nicole; Cooke, Jessica E.; Eirich, Rachel; Korczak, Daphne J.; McArthur, Brae Anne; Madigan, Sheri

doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113307

Cited by 336 publications

(339 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In regard to child outcomes, emerging evidence from the USA, Spain, and China shows increased rates of child mental health problems in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic (Racine et al, 2020). A number of studies have described increased rates of depression and anxiety symptoms in Chinese children and adolescents during the early COVID-19 pandemic in February-March 2020 (Duan et al, 2020;Jiao et al, 2020;Xie et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2020).…”

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confidence: 99%

Child, parent, and family mental health and functioning in Australia during COVID-19: Comparison to pre-pandemic data

Westrupp¹,

Bennett²,

Berkowitz³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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The COVID-19 pandemic presents significant risks to the mental health and wellbeing of families. This study aimed to examine: (1) patterns of parent and child (0–18 years) mental health, parent substance use, couple conflict, parenting practices, and family functioning during COVID-19 compared to pre-pandemic data; and (2) associations between parent, child, and family outcomes during the pandemic and both pre-existing risk factors and COVID-19 stressors. Participants were Australian mothers (81%) and fathers aged 18 years and over who were parents of a child 0–18 years (N=2,365). Parents completed an online self-report survey assessing mental health, substance use, couple conflict, parenting, and family functioning during ‘stage three’ COVID-19 restrictions in April 2020. Data were compared to pre-pandemic data from four Australian population-based cohorts. Compared to pre-pandemic estimates, during the pandemic period parents reported higher rates of parent mental health symptoms (Cohen’s d=0.26-.81, all p<.001), higher parenting irritability (d=0.17-.46, all p<.001), lower family positive expressiveness (d=-0.18, p<.001), and higher alcohol consumption (22% vs 12% drinking four or more days per week, p<.001). In multivariable analyses, pre-existing financial deprivation and COVID-19 stressors were associated with greater severity in parent and child mental health symptoms, parent emotion dysregulation, parenting irritability, couple conflict and family positive/negative expressiveness. Parents and children with pre-existing mental health conditions had elevated difficulties during the pandemic across most domains. Our data suggest wide-ranging, detrimental family impacts associated with the COVID-19 pandemic; and support policy actions to assist families with financial supports, leave entitlements, and social housing.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Child, parent, and family mental health and functioning in Australia during COVID-19: Comparison to pre-pandemic data

Westrupp¹,

Bennett²,

Berkowitz³

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Similar to the findings of the present study, many earlier researchers have reported negative psychological consequences to be linked with the current pandemic. For example, COVID-19 has been found to cause confusion, stress, anxiety, restrictions, fear of infection, frustration, boredom, loss and stigma (Brooks et al, 2020;Racine et al, 2020), disturbance in the emotional attachment (Jiao et al, 2020) and lowered well-being among children and adults (Avenue et al, 2020;Ghosh et al, 2020;Lee, 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The life outcomes of children during COVID-19: Exploring the protective roles of the joint and nuclear families in India

Tiwari¹,

Tiwari

Pandey

et al. 2020

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Using a qualitative approach, we explored the protective roles of joint and nuclear families in shaping the life outcomes of children during COVID-19. Sixteen full-time mothers of children aged 9-12 years (8 each from joint and nuclear families) were interviewed and thematic analysis revealed five major themes viz., negative impacts, differences in positive engagement, emotional protective roles, promotion of positive health habits and activity management. Findings suggest that joint families carry more resources to positively engage their children in creativity, studies, exercise and entertainment as compared to nuclear families. Contrary to nuclear families, joint families gave emphasis to resolve emotional grievances, promote positive emotional engagement and support emotionally. The joint and nuclear families also differed in attending food habits, health grievances and physical exercise of children. The joint families played more positive roles in managing play behaviours, sleep habits, television watching and other activities of children compared to nuclear families.

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“…Parents rated the impact COVID-19 was having on their lives in the following domains: how concerned they were about the virus (5-point scale, 'not at all' to 'extremely' concerned), whether they had made changes to their lifestyle (no, yes), how often they were getting outside of their house (5 point-scale, multiple times a day, to less than once per week), whether they had lost work as a result of COVID-19 (no, partially, completely), and whether they had lost income as a result of COVID-19 (no, partially, completely). Each affirmative response was given a point and those points were summed to create a COVID-19 Impact score (range [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Covid-19 Direct Experiencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In preliminary studies, children have reported experiencing elevated academic difficulties as a result of online schooling during COVID-19 10 , with those who are economically disadvantaged being at greatest risk 11 . There is also evidence for an increase in both anxiety and depressive symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19 [12][13][14] . Importantly, the impact of COVID-19 on child mental health appears to depend on the incidence of pre-existing factors (e.g., neurodevelopmental disorders) 15 , as well as on children's coping styles and internet usage 12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parenting Under Pressure: A Mixed-Methods Investigation of the Impact of COVID-19 on Family Life

Chu¹,

Schwartz²,

Towner³

et al. 2020

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Background: Development and implementation of effective family-based intervention and treatment strategies during COVID-19, and future public health crises, will require a detailed understanding of the ways that COVID-19 has affected parents, children, and families. Qualitative and mixed-methods research is an important means of gaining such detailed information, particularly in the early phases of the pandemic, when the research community continues to explore the meaning of this experience. Methods: We employed thematic analysis to identify themes in parents’ and children’s reflective writing about COVID-19, and explored how citation of certain themes mapped onto quantitative measures of distress commonly used in past psychosocial research on pandemics. Data were collected from N = 56 parents and N = 43 children between April to May 2020.Findings: Analysis of parent and child written reports revealed positive and negative thematic content, though parents expressed more positive themes than children. The most common themes identified from parent reports surrounded concerns about the impact of COVID-19 on their children, health concerns for others, and the stressful balancing act of parenting, schooling, and working from home. In addition, many parents reported gratitude for what they had, and reflected on the upsides of the pandemic for family relations. For children, the most common themes identified surrounded missing school and social relationships. When children expressed positive themes, they tended to be more egocentric reflections (e.g. learning to ride a bike). Both parent and child thematic content mapped onto parent-proxy and parent-self reported quantitative dimensions of parent and child distress. Finally, we observed that parents who reflected on gratitude in their written reports exhibited a decrease in negative affect pre- to -post-writing.Interpretation: Both parents and children are suffering from reduced wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly with the burdens imposed by the closure of in-person schooling. The psychosocial impact of the pandemic on families would likely be even greater in magnitude within less advantaged populations. Future research and policy should focus on identifying how to fulfill children’s social needs and lessen the caregiving burdens during this time.

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Child and adolescent mental illness during COVID-19: A rapid review

Cited by 336 publications

References 9 publications

Child, parent, and family mental health and functioning in Australia during COVID-19: Comparison to pre-pandemic data

Child, parent, and family mental health and functioning in Australia during COVID-19: Comparison to pre-pandemic data

The life outcomes of children during COVID-19: Exploring the protective roles of the joint and nuclear families in India

Parenting Under Pressure: A Mixed-Methods Investigation of the Impact of COVID-19 on Family Life

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