Child care and children's illness.

Johansen, Anne S.; Leibowitz, Arleen; Waite, Linda J.

doi:10.2105/ajph.78.9.1175

Cited by 41 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…This observation is particularly impor tant because evidence suggests that frequent episodes (es pecially of otitis media) may adversely affect neurocognitive and language development [8] and lead to numerous medical and surgical treatments [9]. Several studies in Scandinavia [3,4,10] showed that the prevalence of abnormal tympanograms ranged from 5 to 8% in children at home or attending family day care, respectively, com pared to 24% in children attending DCCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Infectious Diseases in Children Attending Different Types of Day-Care Setting

et al. 1994

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This population-based prospective cohort study compared the risk of recurrent infections in children attending family day care ( < 3 children per family), small (10-20 children) day-care centers (DCCs), and large ( > 40 children) DCCs. The parents of a total of 1,242 children participated in the study (97% of the families initially contacted). An infectious episode was defined as the acute occurrence of a new symptom lasting for at least 48 h and resulting in specific treatment. Two episodes were counted as such only if they were separated by a symptom-free week. Surveillance was under the responsibility of a nursing director and was similar for all three types of DCCs. During the 8.5-month follow-up period, 3,639 infectious episodes were recorded. Compared to those in family day-care, children attending small DCCs presented a higher risk for > 6 total infectious episodes [odds ratio (OR) = 2.4; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.6-3.7]; > 5 upper respiratory tract infections (OR = 2.2; 95% CI = 1.4-3.4); > 2episodes of otitis media (OR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.0-2.6); > 2 episodes of conjunctivitis (OR = 4.1; 95% CI = 2.1-8.2); and > 2 episodes of croup (OR = 4.1; 95% CI = 1.6-10.9). The risk for children attending large DCCs was intermediate between those in family day care and those in small DCCs. Apart from sampling variation, one explanation for this result could be that children in large DCCs are divided into groups according to their age (i.e. < 12,12-24, and > 24 months). It is possible that the homogeneity of age within each group and the absence of direct contact between groups confers some protection against the spread of infections. Children who had been in day care for at least 6 months at the beginning of the study were at a lower risk for recurrent infections than those who had entered day care earlier. This result might be explained by the acquisition of specific immunity as well as by nonspecific immunity that protects against microorganisms not previously encountered by the body. These results suggest that, for children with repeated infections in DCCs, a move to the family day-care setting, when feasible, should be contemplated. It also suggests that the development of family day-care settings should be encouraged. However, the decision of promoting one type of day-care setting rather than another requires further studies focusing on different outcomes such as the long-term health consequences, the psychological development, and also the total economic consequences related to attendance of each type of structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of Infectious Diseases in Children Attending Different Types of Day-Care Setting

et al. 1994

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“…Eugenia Nandí-Lozano, M en C, (1) Luz Elena Espinosa, M en C, (2) Lucía Viñas-Flores, MC, (2) Carlos Avila-Figueroa, Dr en C. …”

Section: Infección Respiratoria Aguda En Niños Que Acuden a Un Centrounclassified

“…Se tomaron cultivos nasofaríngeos con una prevalencia de colonización para S. pneumoniae de 20 L as condiciones económicas de las familias que residen en zonas urbanas han provocado que ambos padres trabajen, factor asociado con el aumento de los niños en las guarderías. [1][2][3] El fenómeno, si bien favorece su socialización y el desarrollo temprano de habilidades, la interacción diaria con otros niños facilita la diseminación de enfermedades infecciosas.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Infección respiratoria aguda en niños que acuden a un centro de desarrollo infantil

Nandí-Lozano¹,

Espinosa²,

Viñas-Flores³

et al. 2002

Salud pública Méx

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Objective. To assess the incidence of acute respiratory infections and bacterial colonization in children attending a daycare center. Material and Methods. A cohort study was conducted from April to Octuber 1999, among 85 children aged under four years, who attended the daycare center at Hospital Infantil de Mexico (Mexico City's Children's Hospital) "Federico Gómez". Acute respiratory infection incidence rates and quarterly point prevalence figures of nasopharyngeal colonization were obtained. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results. A total of 85 children were studied (40 girls and 45 boys) during 9 090 children-days of follow-up. Three children had a history of atopia (3.5%), six a history of asthma (7.%), and 39 (46%) were exposed to passive smoking. There were 258 events of respiratory tract infection for an incidence rate of 10.3 infections per person-year (95% CI 8.7-12.0). The main clinical syndromes were pharyngitis (95%), acute otitis media (3.5%), and bronchiolitis (1%). The incidence rates of otitis and bronchiolitis were 0.36 and 0.12 per child-year of observation, respectively. The prevalence figures of nasopharyngeal colonization for the three main bacteria were: S. pneumoniae 20.4%; nontypable H. influenzae 13%; and Moraxella catarrhalis 8%. Conclusions. Study results show a high prevalence of colonization due to invasive strains, as well as Este trabajo fue presentado en el 38

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“…One study, for example, showed that children attending day-care centers suffered more illnesses than children at home. 18 Infectious diseases in crowded day-care centers may result from a synergistic effect of increased contact and poor ventilation, resulting in inadequate removal ofmicroorganisms. Ifthere is a link between these and other health effects and ventilation characteristics, criteria for day-care ventilation and building use should be adjusted.…”

Section: Levelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air quality during the winter in Québec day-care centers.

Daneault

Beausoleil²,

Messing³

1992

Am J Public Health

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Over 90% of 91 day care centers in greater Montréal, Québec exceeded 1000 ppm of CO2 during January through April 1989. Four variables were independent positive predictors of CO2 levels: the density of children in the center; presence of electric heating; absence of a ventilation system; and building age. High levels of CO2 are associated with respiratory tract and other symptoms. Clear standards and inspection policies should be established for day care center air quality.

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Child care and children's illness.

Cited by 41 publications

References 15 publications

Risk of Infectious Diseases in Children Attending Different Types of Day-Care Setting

Risk of Infectious Diseases in Children Attending Different Types of Day-Care Setting

Infección respiratoria aguda en niños que acuden a un centro de desarrollo infantil

Air quality during the winter in Québec day-care centers.

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