Child coping, parent coping assistance, and post‐traumatic stress following paediatric physical injury

Marsac, Meghan L.; Donlon, Katharine; Winston, Flaura Koplin; Kassam‐Adams, Nancy

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01328.x

Cited by 49 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…endorsing avoidance of trauma cues) and general overprotective support style, were associated with both a standard measure of parental overprotection and higher child PTSS. The association between maladaptive parenting style and child PTSS is consistent with preliminary empirical evidence that parents’ own coping and response can influence a child’s post-trauma coping (Cobham, McDermott, Haslam, & Sanders, 2016; Marsac et al, 2013) and psychological adjustment (Ostrowski, Christopher, & Delahanty, 2006). Such parenting behaviours may increase a child’s perceived vulnerability to threat post-trauma and prevent the elaboration and processing of the child’s trauma memory (Salmond et al, 2011; Wood et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…One factor identified as a robust predictor of a child’s post-trauma psychological outcomes is their perceived social support (Kolaitis, 2017; Maercker & Hecker, 2016; Trickey, Siddaway, Meiser-Stedman, Serpell, & Field, 2012). Following a child’s experience of trauma, parents are often the primary source of support (Marsac, Donlon, Winston, & Kassam-Adams, 2013) and meta-analytic findings have confirmed that parenting style has a small yet significant impact on a child’s post-trauma mental health (Williamson, Creswell, Fearon et al, 2017). However, the extant literature has largely focused on general parenting responses, such as general overprotection, with little focus on parenting that may be trauma-specific, reflecting the lack of empirically validated, trauma-specific parenting measures.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous research has highlighted the importance of such positive parenting behaviours post-trauma, including supporting trauma-related discussions or modelling adaptive coping strategies (Alisic, Boeije, Jongmans, & Kleber, 2012; Marsac et al, 2013). However, evidence for a negative relationship between parental coping assistance and child post-traumatic stress symptom severity (PTSS) is mixed, with some studies finding weak or no evidence of an association (Punamaki et al, 2001; Williamson, Creswell, Fearon et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and preliminary validation

Williamson

Hiller

Meiser‐Stedman

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Following a child’s experience of trauma, parental response is thought to play an important role in either facilitating or hindering their psychological adjustment. However, the ability to investigate the role of parenting responses in the post-trauma period has been hampered by a lack of valid and reliable measures. Objectives: The aim of this study was to design, and provide a preliminary validation of, the Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ), a self-report measure of parental appraisals and support for children’s coping, in the aftermath of child trauma. Methods: We administered an initial set of 78 items to 365 parents whose children, aged 2–19 years, had experienced a traumatic event. We conducted principal axis factoring and then assessed the validity of the reduced measure against a standardized general measure of parental overprotection and via the measure’s association with child post-trauma mental health. Results: Factor analysis generated three factors assessing parental maladaptive appraisals: (i) permanent change/damage, (ii) preoccupation with child’s vulnerability, and (iii) self-blame. In addition, five factors were identified that assess parental support for child coping: (i) behavioural avoidance, (ii) cognitive avoidance, (iii) overprotection, (iv) maintaining pre-trauma routines, and (v) approach coping. Good validity was evidenced against the measure of parental overprotection and child post-traumatic stress symptoms. Good test–retest reliability of the measure was also demonstrated. Conclusions: The PTRQ is a valid and reliable self-report assessment of parenting cognitions and coping in the aftermath of child trauma.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and preliminary validation

Williamson

Hiller

Meiser‐Stedman

et al. 2018

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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“…Ainda em relação às estratégias de enfrentamento, alguns estudos têm demonstrado uma maior variabilidade de uso de estratégias de enfrentamento entre crianças que passam por algum po de adoecimento (Marsac, Donlon, Winston, & Kassam-Adams, 2013). Além disso, segundo esses autores, a necessidade de exposição a procedimentos médicos invasivos exige que essas crianças acionem recursos pessoais e também externos para lidar com a adversidade (Marsac et al, 2013 , 2012).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Além disso, segundo esses autores, a necessidade de exposição a procedimentos médicos invasivos exige que essas crianças acionem recursos pessoais e também externos para lidar com a adversidade (Marsac et al, 2013 , 2012). Nesse contexto, buscou-se, no presente estudo, descrever, comparar e analisar estraté-gias de enfrentamento e o mismo em crianças com câncer e crianças sem câncer.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Estratégias de Enfrentamento e Otimismo de Crianças com Câncer e Crianças Sem Câncer

Pagung

Canal

Missawa

et al. 2017

PSSA

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ResumoNo tratamento contra o câncer, crianças precisam lidar com estressores da doença u lizando estratégias de enfrentamento (coping) que contribuam para uma adaptação posi va. AbstractIn the cancer treatment, children have to deal with disease stressors using coping strategies that contributes to a posi ve adapta on. Personal variables like op mism can aff ect the way they cope with the disease. This descrip ve study aimed to inves gate the coping strategies and the op mism in children with and without cancer. Four children with cancer and four children without cancer par cipated, responding to the instruments Op mis c and Pessimis c Expecta ons Interview and Coping Scale. Data were analyzed qualita vely. It was verifi ed that all children were op mis c. About coping, children with cancer reported more support search, problem solving, isola on, escape and opposi on; and the children without cancer reported more support search, problem solving and escape. Overall, the children did not diff er in terms of op mism and both groups reported greater use of posi ve adap ve coping strategies. Keywords: children, children with cancer, op mism, coping ResumenEn el tratamiento contra el cáncer, los niños necesitan hacer frente a los factores que generan estrés usando estrategias de enfrentamiento (coping) que contribuyan para una adaptación posi va. Variables personales, como el op mismo, pueden afectar la forma de enfrentar la enfermedad. Este estudio descrip vo ha tenido como obje vo inves gar las estrategias de enfrentamiento en niños con y sin cáncer. Par ciparon del estudio cuatro niños con cáncer y cuatro niños sin cáncer, que contestaron a las Entrevistas de Expecta vas Op mistas y Pesimistas, así como a la Escala de Enfrentamiento. Los datos fueron analizados cualita vamente. Se comprobó que todos los niños se presentaron op mistas. Con respecto al enfrentamiento, los niños con cáncer relataron una mayor búsqueda de apoyo, resolución de problemas, aislamiento, huida y oposición, mientras que los ninõs sin cáncer relataron un mayor uso de búsqueda de apoyo, resolucíon de problemas y huida. En general, los ninõs no se diferenciaron con relación al op mismo y los dos grupos relataron uma mayor u lización de estrategias de enfrentamiento adapta vas posi vas. Palabras clave: niños, niños con cáncer, op mismo, estrategias de enfrentamiento 1 Endereço de contato: Avenida Engenheiro Charles Bitran, 333, apto 401, Jardim Camburi, Vitória/ES.

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Caregiver Responses to Child Posttraumatic Distress: A Qualitative Study in a High‐Risk Context in South Africa

Williamson

Butler

Tomlinson

et al. 2017

Journal of Traumatic Stress

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Many low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMIC) have high rates of child trauma exposure and limited access to psychological services. Caregivers are often a child's key source of support following trauma in such contexts. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of primary caregivers in supporting their child posttrauma. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 20 female caregivers from a high‐risk settlement in Cape Town following child trauma exposure. Children were exposed to significant traumatic events, including gang violence, assault, and fatalities of close relatives. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis; several key themes emerged. First, caregivers were typically aware of child distress posttrauma, based primarily on manifest behaviors. Second, caregivers identified varied ways of providing support, including being warm and responsive; seeking to ensure physical safety by encouraging the child's perceptions of the community as dangerous; and encouraging forgetting as a way of coping, with limited discussions of the event. Third, many barriers existed to accessing psychological treatment, and caregivers had low involvement in any interventions. Finally, caregivers also experienced significant distress that could impact their responses to their child. The results illustrate the challenges faced by caregivers in supporting children following trauma in LMIC contexts and the need for accessible psychological interventions.

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Child coping, parent coping assistance, and post‐traumatic stress following paediatric physical injury

Cited by 49 publications

References 33 publications

The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and preliminary validation

The Parent Trauma Response Questionnaire (PTRQ): development and preliminary validation

Estratégias de Enfrentamento e Otimismo de Crianças com Câncer e Crianças Sem Câncer

Caregiver Responses to Child Posttraumatic Distress: A Qualitative Study in a High‐Risk Context in South Africa

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