Child maltreatment in Nepal: prevalence and associated factors

Kandel, Pragya; Kunwar, Ritu; Karki, Surendra; Kandel, Denise B.; Lamichhane, Prabhat

doi:10.1016/j.puhe.2017.06.020

Cited by 23 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…For specific forms of maltreatment, it is striking that our marginalised sample did not report higher rates compared to general-population youth samples. Almost half of young people were victims of physical abuse, which were higher than the moderate physical disciplinary acts reported in nationally representative cohorts of Nepalese youth (Kandel et al, 2017), but commensurate with those reported in students attending a public school (Rajbanshi, 2012). Our rates of sexual and emotional abuse (around a quarter and a half, respectively) were also lower than those reported in general-population samples.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…In summary, consistent with cultural practices and norms that endorse corporal punishment and verbal humiliation as a way to encourage children to become responsible and competent (Khanal and Park, 2016), the use of physical and emotional acts to discipline young people is common in Nepal with the presence of more severe forms of childhood maltreatment also considerable (Atteraya et al, 2018; Kandel et al, 2017). Although one study reported that children who were engaged in child labour activities were more likely to receive any kind of physical punishment than those not engaged in such activities (Kandel et al, 2017), general-population studies are less informative around rates of childhood maltreatment within more economically marginalised sectors of society in Nepal. Nor are they informative on the effects of childhood maltreatment on psychiatric disorders and psychopathology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Conditions of economic exploitation in Nepal leave many young people vulnerable to maltreatment. Studies of general-population samples ascertained in Nepal report that the use of physical disciplinary acts is common in youth (Atteraya et al, 2018; Kandel et al, 2017; Rajbanshi, 2012) with almost one in two children experiencing moderate forms, for example, being spanked, hit or slapped on the bottom, and a significant number (21.5%; Atteraya et al, 2018) experiencing severe forms, for example, hit with an object. Emotional abuse is also common with more than three-quarters reporting these experiences (Atteraya et al, 2018; Rajbanshi, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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History of abuse and neglect and their associations with mental health in rescued child labourers in Nepal

Dhakal

Niraula

Sharma

et al. 2019

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

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Objectives: Little is known about rates of childhood maltreatment in low-income countries, particularly among marginalised sectors of society. Economic hardships mean that in such countries, many children and young people are exploited in the labour force and/or are trafficked, placing them at greater risk for being exposed to other forms of maltreatment. Cultural norms endorsing the use of physical and emotional acts to discipline children further exacerbate this risk. Here, we assessed the rates of childhood victimisation experiences and associated mental health problems in Nepalese youth rescued from illegal child labour including trafficking. Methods: One hundred and three young people aged 12–18 years living in out-of-home care institutions and rescued from child labour/trafficking completed translated versions of selected modules from the Juvenile Victimisation Questionnaire, the Youth Inventory and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Care-home employees responsible for looking after the young people completed the Adolescent Symptom Inventory and the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire. Analysis described maltreatment frequencies and compared individuals who had and had not experienced any form of maltreatment on the presence/absence of psychiatric diagnoses. Results: Seventy-two percent of participants experienced some form of maltreatment in their lifetime. Rates for each maltreatment type were 46.6% for physical abuse, 40.77% for emotional abuse, 27.2% for sexual abuse and 33% for neglect. Symptoms indicative of anxiety disorders and trauma were commonly reported especially in victims of childhood maltreatment. Conclusions: Our estimates of physical abuse in this at-risk juvenile sample were commensurate to those reported in general-population youth samples in Nepal, but sexual and emotional abuse rates were somewhat lower. The potential presence of anxiety and trauma in this sample that may result from maltreatment requires replication, but underscores an urgent need for routine mental health screening in rescued child labourers during rehabilitation efforts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

History of abuse and neglect and their associations with mental health in rescued child labourers in Nepal

Dhakal

Niraula

Sharma

et al. 2019

Aust N Z J Psychiatry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Corporal punishment as a means of disciplining children is common practice in Nepal. A recent survey found that 50% of children are physically punished in Nepal (71). It is very likely that what our study participants reported as childhood trauma (i.e., physical abuse) was for many an ongoing experience.…”

Section: Childhood Traumamentioning

confidence: 77%

“…A study of psychosocial problems (i.e., cognitive, emotional, and behavioral) among a randomly selected sample of adolescents from various schools of one district in Nepal found that children living in nuclear families with a single parent were about 3.5 times more likely to have psychosocial problems than those living in a non-nuclear family with both parents (74). Likewise, Kandel et al (71) found that the odds of being physically punished were higher among children whose father was currently away from home (either abroad or elsewhere in Nepal). In a previous study, we found that women with MPI who had husbands living in cities other than their home village ceased having trance and possession experiences once they left their village to visit their spouse or father (23).…”

Section: Childhood Traumamentioning

confidence: 98%

Characteristics of Adolescents Affected by Mass Psychogenic Illness Outbreaks in Schools in Nepal: A Case-Control Study

2020

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This paper presents the first systematic case-control study of correlates of mass psychogenic illness (MPI) in an adolescent school population. MPI is generally construed as a dissociative phenomenon spread by social contagion to individuals who are prone to dissociation. We sought to test if the correlates of dissociative experiences most commonly proposed in the literature could predict caseness among students affected by episodes of mass psychogenic illness occurring in schools in Nepal. We assessed 194 cases and 190 controls ( N = 384) of ages 11–18 years from 12 public schools. Cases and controls were comparable on all demographic variables, except for family configuration, with nuclear families more common among those affected. In bivariate comparisons, caseness was associated with childhood physical neglect and abuse, as well as living in nuclear families, peritraumatic dissociation, dissociative tendencies, and depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Hypnotizability emerged as the strongest correlate of psychogenic illness among the cognitive and personality trait variables. However, in multivariable logistic regression, the correlates of dissociation did not predict caseness, suggesting that they do not adequately account for the phenomenon of mass psychogenic illness. An ad-hoc Classification and Regression Trees analysis showed that if an adolescent was highly hypnotizable and reported high rates of peritraumatic dissociative experiences, then there was a 73% probability of being a case in a mass psychogenic illness episode. Future studies involving other psychological, social and cultural factors, as well as school- and family-related factors are needed to understand the correlates of mass psychogenic illness and guide prevention and intervention.

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Child Disciplinary Practices at Home and Parental Attitudes Towards Physical Punishment to Children in Bangladesh

Islam

2024

J Child Fam Stud

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Child maltreatment in Nepal: prevalence and associated factors

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

History of abuse and neglect and their associations with mental health in rescued child labourers in Nepal

History of abuse and neglect and their associations with mental health in rescued child labourers in Nepal

Characteristics of Adolescents Affected by Mass Psychogenic Illness Outbreaks in Schools in Nepal: A Case-Control Study

Child Disciplinary Practices at Home and Parental Attitudes Towards Physical Punishment to Children in Bangladesh

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