“…Summarily, they can include: poor academic performance, interpersonal problems (e.g. withdrawing from friends and family), low self-esteem, sexual risk taking behavior, promiscuity, prostitution, unwanted pregnancy, illegal abortions, STDs, HIV/AIDS infections, sexual dysfunction, cigarette smoking, substance abuse, anger control problems, aggression, truancy, running away, delinquency, criminality, bestiality, depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD; marked by flashbacks, intrusive memories, nightmares, and negative thoughts), eating disorders, sleeping disorders, disassociation, borderline personality disorder, cynical thinking about the world, themselves, and others, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and suicidality (Capri, 2013;Chen et al, 2004;Freeman & Temple, 2010;Gibson, Emeka, & Walters, 2007;Jewkes, Dunkle, Nduna, Jama, & Puren, 2010;Laungani, 2003;Li, Ahmed, & Zabin, 2012;Ma & Li, 2014;Mansbach-Kleinfeld, Ifrah, Apter, & Farbstein, 2015;Marie, Fergusson, & Boden, 2009;Mathews et al, 2013;Meade et al, 2012;Nagata et al, 2001;Richter et al, 2014;Sil & Soo, 2008;Ullman & Filipas, 2005;Weierich & Nock, 2008;Zhang et al, 2013).…”