Childcare and Mothers' Labor Market Outcomes in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries

Halim, Daniel; Perova, Elizaveta; Reynolds, Sarah

doi:10.1596/1813-9450-9828

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Another study examining the impact of the lockdown in South Africa, which included school and childcare center closures, suggests that the increased childcare burden of these closures contributed to women's relatively higher reduction in employment and work hours compared to men (Casale and Posel, 2020). These findings are consistent with reviews of studies that show the impact of childcare availability and affordability on maternal employment outcomes in high-and low-income settings alike (Akgunduz and Plantenga, 2018;Halim et al, 2021;Harper et al, 2017;Morrissey, 2017). These findings are also unsurprising given the large number of families who are separated geographically from extended families.…”

supporting

confidence: 63%

Assessing national action through emergency paid leave to mitigate the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on working families in 182 countries

Raub

Heymann

2022

Global Social Policy

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In April 2020, nearly 1.6 billion learners were out of school. While a growing body of literature has documented the detrimental impact of these closures on children, less attention has been devoted to the steps countries took to mitigate the impact of these closures on working families. Paid leave is recognized as an important policy tool to enable working parents the time they need to respond to family needs without risking job or income loss. This article uses a novel data set to assess whether countries had policies in place prior to the pandemic to respond to increased care needs and the extent to which policies were introduced or expanded during the pandemic to fill the gap. Only 48 countries had policies in place prior to the pandemic that could be used to respond to the care needs created by school and childcare center closures. In the vast majority of these countries, the duration of leave in these policies was too short to meet the care needs of the pandemic or relied on parents reserving extended parental leave options. Only 36 countries passed new legislation during the pandemic, but the majority of those that did covered the full duration of closures. As countries continue to face COVID-19 and consider how to better prepare for the next pandemic, emergency childcare paid leave policies should be part of pandemic preparedness frameworks to prevent further exacerbating inequalities. The policies introduced during the pandemic offer a wide range of approaches for countries to identify feasible solutions.

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supporting

confidence: 63%

Assessing national action through emergency paid leave to mitigate the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on working families in 182 countries

Raub

Heymann

2022

Global Social Policy

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“…In Vietnam, 30% of children under 6 years old live with grandparents (according to the 2020 VHLSS), and it is common that grandparents provide childcare for small children. Recent studies show that becoming grandparents substantially reduces the labor force participation of older people (Rupert and Zanella, 2018;Frimmel et al, 2022), and childcare by grandparents significantly increases women's labor supply of (e.g., Maurer-Fazio et al, 2011;Zanella,2017;Garcia-Moran, E., & Kuehn, 2017;Halim et al, 2021). For our case study, the cash transfer reduces the labor force participation of older people, who subsequently provide childcare for younger people to find wage jobs in the labor market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…It is estimated from the 2020 VHLSS that 30% of children below 6 years old live with grandparents. A number of recent studies show a positive effect on women's labor supply of formal childcare (e.g., Bauernschuster and Schlotter, 2015;Martínez and Perticará, 2017;Dang et al, 2022) as well as informal childcare from grandparents (e.g., Maurer-Fazio et al, 2011;Zanella, 2017;Garcia-Moran, E., & Kuehn, 2017;Halim et al, 2021). Recently, Rupert and Zanella (2018) and Frimmel et al (2022) show that becoming grandparents strongly decreases the labor force participation of older people.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cash Transfers and Labor Supply: New Evidence on Impacts and Mechanisms

Nguyen

Tarp

2023

SSRN Journal

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“…A educação na primeira infância, durante os primeiros 6 anos de idade, tem papel fundamental para o desenvolvimento cognitivo das crianças (Burguer, 2010;Engle et al, 2011;Weiland e Yoshikawa, 2013). O acesso a escolas públicas de educação infantil é essencial para que pais e responsáveis pertencentes a famílias de menor renda tenham com quem deixar seus filhos durante o horário de trabalho (Barros et al, 2013;Evans, Jakiela e Knauer, 2021;Halim, Perova e Reynolds, 2021). Assim, tanto a oferta de vagas quanto a localização das escolas são essenciais para que as famílias tenham acesso a esse serviço.…”

Section: Insuficiência No Acesso à Educação Infantilunclassified

TD 2854 - Transporte urbano e insuficiência de acesso a escolas no Brasil

Saraiva¹,

Silva²,

Braga³

et al. 2023

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Facilitar o acesso da população mais pobre a educação e essencial para reduzir desigualdades e promover inclusão social. Estudos recentes tem explorado a dimensão espacial da desigualdade no acesso a educação. No entanto, poucos desses estudos analisam se a população teria acesso suficiente a estabelecimentos de educação nas cidades brasileiras, e como essas condições de acessibilidade variam espacialmente e afetam especificamente a população de menor renda. Este estudo apresenta a primeira analise em larga escala de acessibilidade as oportunidades de educação no ensino publico das vinte maiores cidades do Brasil em alta resolução espacial. Este trabalho foca nas condições de acesso de crianças e jovens de baixa renda as escolas de nível infantil e médio, onde se encontram os maiores desafios de universalização da educação no pais. Considerando-se a acessibilidade a pé e por transporte publico, o estudo investiga a exclusão social relacionada a educação na escala intraurbana, bem como entre cidades e regiões, ao analisar diferentes linhas de insuficiência (LIs) de acessibilidade. Os resultados indicam que ainda são necessários significativos avanços em direção a universalização do acesso a educação no Brasil, principalmente quando são consideradas as vagas publicas de ensino infantil e médio. Parte substancial das crianças de famílias mais pobres possui acessibilidade insuficiente a escolas de educação infantil e ensino médio, principalmente em áreas de baixa densidade populacional nas periferias urbanas. A baixa densidade dessas áreas cria um desafio para a implantação de escolas em numero e cobertura espacial suficientes para melhorar o acesso escolar. Os resultados do estudo contribuem para o melhor entendimento da dimensão geográfica da insuficiência de acessibilidade a educação da população mais pobre, que pode ocasionar sua exclusão das mais diversas oportunidades essenciais ao longo da vida e aprofundar níveis de pobreza e desigualdades sociais.

show abstract

Childcare and Mothers' Labor Market Outcomes in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Assessing national action through emergency paid leave to mitigate the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on working families in 182 countries

Assessing national action through emergency paid leave to mitigate the impact of COVID-19-related school closures on working families in 182 countries

Cash Transfers and Labor Supply: New Evidence on Impacts and Mechanisms

TD 2854 - Transporte urbano e insuficiência de acesso a escolas no Brasil

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