Childhood adversity and adult depression among the incarcerated: Differential exposure and vulnerability by race/ethnicity and gender

Roxburgh, Susan; MacArthur, Kelly Rhea

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.02.007

Cited by 68 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Whites with fewer adverse childhood experiences had extremely high likelihood of commitment of a serious person/property offense (Odds Ratio = 4.87 for one adverse childhood experience and Odds Ratio = 4.29 for two adverse childhood experiences), yet African Americans and Hispanics with between three and five adverse childhood experiences had reduced likelihood of serious person/property offending. Although non-white offenders experience generally more disadvantaged backgrounds [24,25,26,38] than whites, that was not the case in these current data. Whites had the highest mean adverse childhood experiences (Mean = 2.43, Standard Deviation = 1.71), followed by Hispanics (Mean = 2.01, Standard Deviation = 1.42) and African Americans (Mean = 1.94, Standard Deviation = 1.41), and these group differences were significant ( F (3, 2520) = 17.00, p < 0.0001).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

“…For instance, in the United States there is extraordinary heterogeneity of background experiences among delinquents in addition to sharply divergent local life circumstances and socioeconomic backgrounds by race and ethnicity [22,23,24,25,26], which have been demonstrated to affect adverse childhood experience wherein juvenile offenders residing in more disadvantaged communities evidence greater exposures. Prior criminological research has shown that disaggregated analyses by race and ethnicity are a fruitful way to understand different pathways of offending [27,28,29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?

DeLisi

Alcala

Kusow

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Adverse childhood experiences are associated with an array of health, psychiatric, and behavioral problems including antisocial behavior. Criminologists have recently utilized adverse childhood experiences as an organizing research framework and shown that adverse childhood experiences are associated with delinquency, violence, and more chronic/severe criminal careers. However, much less is known about adverse childhood experiences vis-à-vis specific forms of crime and whether the effects vary across race and ethnicity. Using a sample of 2520 male confined juvenile delinquents, the current study used epidemiological tables of odds (both unadjusted and adjusted for onset, total adjudications, and total out of home placements) to evaluate the significance of the number of adverse childhood experiences on commitment for homicide, sexual assault, and serious persons/property offending. The effects of adverse childhood experiences vary considerably across racial and ethnic groups and across offense types. Adverse childhood experiences are strongly and positively associated with sexual offending, but negatively associated with homicide and serious person/property offending. Differential effects of adverse childhood experiences were also seen among African Americans, Hispanics, and whites. Suggestions for future research to clarify the mechanisms by which adverse childhood experiences manifest in specific forms of criminal behavior are offered.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 60%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?

DeLisi

Alcala

Kusow

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…A prior study by Roxburgh and MacArthur (2014) used the same dataset as this study and identified differential effects of childhood adversities on depression by race and sex. In the present study, white women were more likely to develop virtually all of the substance misuse outcomes with the exception of crack cocaine and heroin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood Adversities and Substance Misuse Among the Incarcerated: Implications for Treatment and Practice in Correctional Settings

Marotta

2017

Substance Use & Misuse

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Background Incarcerated populations have high rates of childhood adversities and substance use problems. Moreover, childhood adversities are well-documented predictors of substance misuse. Objective To investigate the impact of childhood sexual and physical abuse, caregiver abuse of drugs or alcohol, and time spent in foster care on several substance misuse outcomes. Methods Data comes from a sample of 16,043 incarcerated men and women in the United States Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Facilities. Bivariate analyses revealed differences by sex in childhood adversities and socioeconomic characteristics. Logistic regression analyses assessed the data for a link between childhood adversities and substance misuse after adjusting for other variables. Analyses were stratified by sex to show differences in predictors of substance misuse between men and women. Results Childhood adversities increased the risk of many substance misuse outcomes. The prevalence of physical abuse, sexual abuse, foster care, and caretaker abuse of drugs or alcohol were greatest for inmates who reported injecting and sharing drugs. Growing up with a caregiver that used drugs or alcohol was a consistent predictor of increased risk of substance misuse for men and women. However, childhood sexual abuse increased risk for only women. Conclusions Inmates who experience physical abuse, sexual abuse, foster care involvement and caretakers who use drugs and alcohol are at an increased risk of substance misuse, injecting drug use and syringe sharing. Implications suggest correctional HIV prevention and substance misuse programs must address unresolved trauma and important gender differences.

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“…Confounders were also considered based on analyses shown in Table 2. Previous studies have shown differences by age (Brown et al, 2013a; Schussler-Fiorenza Rose et al, 2014; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and 2009), gender (Kelly-Irving et al, 2013; Liu et al, 2013; Roxburgh and Macarthur, 2014), race/ethnicity (Brown et al, 2013a; Schussler-Fiorenza Rose et al, 2014; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and 2009; Roxburgh and Macarthur, 2014), income (Brown et al, 2013a; Schussler-Fiorenza Rose et al, 2014), education (Schussler-Fiorenza Rose et al, 2014; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and 2009), marital status (Brown et al, 2013a; Schussler-Fiorenza Rose et al, 2014), and insurance status (Brown et al, 2013a), associated with ACEs. Statistically significant differences by age (Brown et al, 2013b; Palmetto et al, 2013), sex (Clark et al, 2014; Cui et al, 2013; Lovestad and Krantz, 2012; Menard et al, 2014), race/ethnicity (Palmetto et al, 2013; Clark et al, 2014; Lipsky et al, 2012; Stephenson et al, 2011), income (Brown et al, 2013b; Edwards et al, 2014), education (Brown et al, 2013b; Stephenson et al, 2011), marital status (Brown et al, 2013b; Cui et al, 2013), and insurance status (Brown et al, 2013b) were associated with IPV.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner aggression in the US: Sex differences and similarities in psychosocial mediation

Brown

Perera

Masho

et al. 2015

Social Science & Medicine

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Six in ten people in the general population have been exposed to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health problem in the US. The main objective of this study was to assess sex differences in the role of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), substance abuse, and depression as mediators in the association between ACEs and intimate partner aggression. Data were obtained from Wave 2 (2004–2005) of the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Structural equation modeling was used to determine the mediational role of PTSD, substance abuse and depression in the association between ACE constructs (neglect, physical/psychological abuse, sexual abuse, parental violence, and parental incarceration/psychopathology) and intimate partner aggression. Among men, PTSD mediated the relationship between sexual abuse and intimate partner aggression. However, among men and women, substance abuse mediated the relationship between physical and psychological abuse and intimate partner aggression. IPV programs geared towards aggressors should address abuse (sexual, physical and psychological), which occurred during childhood and recent substance abuse and PTSD. These programs should be implemented for men and women. Programs aimed at preventing abuse of children may help to reduce rates of depression and PTSD in adulthood, and subsequent intimate partner aggression.

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Childhood adversity and adult depression among the incarcerated: Differential exposure and vulnerability by race/ethnicity and gender

Cited by 68 publications

References 54 publications

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?

Adverse Childhood Experiences, Commitment Offense, and Race/Ethnicity: Are the Effects Crime-, Race-, and Ethnicity-Specific?

Childhood Adversities and Substance Misuse Among the Incarcerated: Implications for Treatment and Practice in Correctional Settings

Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner aggression in the US: Sex differences and similarities in psychosocial mediation

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