Childhood economic conditions and length of life: Evidence from the UK Boyd Orr cohort, 1937–2005

Frijters, Paul; Hatton, Timothy J.; Martin, Richard M.; Shields, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/j.jhealeco.2009.10.004

Cited by 39 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Children of low-SES parents are more likely to be born prematurely and to have low birth weight, even after adjusting for covariates (20,21). Low-SES children are also at heightened risk for morbidity and mortality (22)(23)(24) and of cognitive and developmental delays (25)(26)(27).…”

Section: Causality and Its Discontentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigor, vigor, and the study of health disparities

Adler

Bush²,

Pantell

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

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Health disparities research spans multiple fields and methods and documents strong links between social disadvantage and poor health. Associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and health are often taken as evidence for the causal impact of SES on health, but alternative explanations, including the impact of health on SES, are plausible. Studies showing the influence of parents' SES on their children's health provide evidence for a causal pathway from SES to health, but have limitations. Health disparities researchers face tradeoffs between "rigor" and "vigor" in designing studies that demonstrate how social disadvantage becomes biologically embedded and results in poorer health. Rigorous designs aim to maximize precision in the measurement of SES and health outcomes through methods that provide the greatest control over temporal ordering and causal direction. To achieve precision, many studies use a single SES predictor and single disease. However, doing so oversimplifies the multifaceted, entwined nature of social disadvantage and may overestimate the impact of that one variable and underestimate the true impact of social disadvantage on health. In addition, SES effects on overall health and functioning are likely to be greater than effects on any one disease. Vigorous designs aim to capture this complexity and maximize ecological validity through more complete assessment of social disadvantage and health status, but may provide less-compelling evidence of causality. Newer approaches to both measurement and analysis may enable enhanced vigor as well as rigor. Incorporating both rigor and vigor into studies will provide a fuller understanding of the causes of health disparities.methodology | social determinants of health | cumulative risk G ood health and longevity are unequally distributed in populations. Although some unavoidable variations in health emanate from individual differences in vulnerability to disease, others are linked to membership in socially disadvantaged groups. The latter are unjust and have been the focus of considerable research and policy (1). Research on these health disparities has demonstrated consistent graded associations between various components of socioeconomic status (SES) and a wide range of health indicators; at each step up the social ladder, whether indexed by higher income, education, and/or occupational level, rates of morbidity and mortality decrease (2). The prevailing understanding of this relationship is that SES is a "fundamental cause" of health status (3), which operates through physical and/or psychosocial resources that are more readily available as SES increases, and hardships and adverse exposures that are more intense and frequent as SES decreases.Evidence for the SES-health gradient comes primarily from cross-sectional data linking contemporaneous measures of SES in adulthood with prevalence of disease, poor health, or mortality. Smaller literatures have established associations between socioeconomic conditions in childhood and childhood health, and betwe...

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Section: Causality and Its Discontentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rigor, vigor, and the study of health disparities

Adler

Bush²,

Pantell

2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

104

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“…Referring to three recent studies may suffice. As already mentioned in the introduction, the difference in life expectation between an adverse and a favourable family environment in childhood was assessed to be eleven years based on the Byod-Orr data, which cover a time period of more than hundred years in Great Britain (Frijters et al, 2010). According to van den Berg et al (2006, 300), "being born in a recession is associated with an 8-percent increase in the mortality rate after the first year of life".…”

Section: Supplementary Evidence On the Role Of Early Conditions For Lmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Limited cognitive and self-regulatory competencies as well as developmental disorder, anxiety, school failure, or mortality may result from poor monitoring or maltreatment in childhood (Heckhausen and Heckhausen, 2008, Heckman, 2007, Holodynski et al 2008. For instance, the difference in life expectation between an adverse and a favourable family environment in childhood has been assessed to be eleven years (Frijters et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Power of Childhood Impressions for Skill Formation. Initial Evidence and Unsettled Questions

Pfeiffer

2013

SFO

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. www.econstor.eu The Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) in Bonn is a local and virtual international research center and a place of communication between science, politics and business. IZA is an independent nonprofit organization supported by Deutsche Post Foundation. The center is associated with the University of Bonn and offers a stimulating research environment through its international network, workshops and conferences, data service, project support, research visits and doctoral program. IZA engages in (i) original and internationally competitive research in all fields of labor economics, (ii) development of policy concepts, and (iii) dissemination of research results and concepts to the interested public. Terms of use: Documents in D I S C U S S I O N P A P E R S E R I E SIZA Discussion Papers often represent preliminary work and are circulated to encourage discussion. Citation of such a paper should account for its provisional character. A revised version may be available directly from the author. Manifold childhood impressions result from the interactions with adult caregivers and the environment. These impressions, be they beneficial or detrimental, shape individual skill formation and achievement over the life cycle. The novelty of the paper is that it bonds two different, hitherto separated, research lines, one from economics, one from psychology, to discuss the relationship between childhood impressions and later achievement. First, selected recent findings on early life adversity and skill formation are presented. Second, a tool for improving self-regulation, called implementations intentions, is introduced, which may have the power to counteract negative childhood impressions later in live. The attempt to integrate the two approaches results in a discussion of unsettled questions and an outlook for future research.JEL Classification: D87, I12, I21, J13

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“…2 There has recently been strong and increasing interest in the relationship between childhood conditions and adult health. See for example Case, Lubtosky & Paxson 2002;Case, Fertig & Paxson 2005;and Frijters et al 2010. The data used in this study is drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY).…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 99%