Childhood Infections, Socioeconomic Status, and Adult Cardiometabolic Risk

Liu, Richard S; Burgner, David; Sabin, Matthew A.; Magnussen, Costan G.; Cheung, Michael; Hutri‐Kähönen, Nina; Kähönen, Mika; Lehtimäki, Terho; Jokinen, Eero; Laitinen, Tomi T.; Taittonen, Leena; Dwyer, Terence; Viikari, Jorma; Kivimäki, Mika; Raitakari, Olli T.; Juonala, Markus

doi:10.1542/peds.2016-0236

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Conversely, ex vivo immunological data suggest lower childhood SES is associated with greater immune dysregulation,57 which may prime for heightened inflammatory responses to subsequent stimuli, such as infection 58. Epidemiological evidence suggests childhood infections are associated with increased BMI and other cardiometabolic outcomes, but only in those with low family incomes 59 60. A dysregulated host inflammatory response to infection may contribute to pathology in a number of key stages in atherosclerotic disease61 and lipid metabolism 62.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic status in childhood and C reactive protein in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu

Aiello

Mensah

et al. 2017

J Epidemiol Community Health

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Background Inflammation plays a central role in cardio-metabolic disease and may represent a mechanism linking low socioeconomic status (SES) in early life and adverse cardio-metabolic health outcomes in later life. Accumulating evidence suggests an association between childhood SES and adult inflammation, but findings have been inconsistent. Methods We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies to quantify the association between childhood (age <18 years) SES and the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP) in adulthood. Studies were identified in Medline and Embase databases, and by reviewing the bibliographies of articles published from 1946 through to December 2015. Study-specific estimates were combined into meta-analyses using random-effects models. Results Fifteen of 21 eligible studies (n = 43,629) were ultimately included in two separate meta-analyses. Compared with those from the most advantaged families, participants from the least advantaged families had 25% higher CRP levels (ratio change in geometric mean CRP: 1.25; 95% confidence interval: 1.19, 1.32) in minimally adjusted analyses. This finding was attenuated by the inclusion of adult body mass index (BMI) in adjusted models, suggesting BMI has a strong mediating role on CRP levels. Conclusions We observed an inverse association between childhood SES and adulthood CRP, potentially mediated through BMI. Investigating how childhood SES is associated with childhood BMI and CRP would provide insight into the effective timing of social and clinical interventions to prevent cardio-metabolic disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic status in childhood and C reactive protein in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Liu

Aiello

Mensah

et al. 2017

J Epidemiol Community Health

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“…Similar to adults, obesity in adolescents impacts all major organ systems and often contributes to morbidity [13,14]. Adolescent obesity promotes inflammation and increases the risk of chronic disease development into and throughout adulthood [15]. Compared to those who are of normal weight, adolescents who are obese are at increased risk for adverse health effects, including cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction [16][17][18][19][20][21], and metabolic risk factors including insulin resistance and hyperglycemia [16,[22][23][24][25][26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescent Obesity: Diet Quality, Psychosocial Health, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

et al. 2019

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Obesity is a multifaceted chronic condition with several contributing causes, including biological risk factors, socioeconomic status, health literacy, and numerous environmental influences. Of particular concern are the increasing rates of obesity in children and adolescents, as rates of obesity in youth in the United States have tripled within the last three decades. Youth from historically disadvantaged backgrounds tend to have higher rates of obesity compared to other groups. Adolescents often do not meet intake recommendations for certain food groups and nutrients, which may contribute to a heightened risk of obesity. With obesity disproportionately affecting adolescents (ages 12-19 years), negative effects of excess adiposity may be particularly salient during this critical period of development. The presentation of chronic cardiometabolic disease symptoms typically observed in adults, such as hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, are becoming increasingly common in adolescents with obesity. Additionally, there is dynamic interplay between obesity and psychosocial health, as adolescents with obesity may have increased levels of stress, depressive symptoms, and reduced resilience. To reduce and prevent adolescent obesity, the implementation of theory-driven multicomponent school-and community-based interventions have been suggested. These interventions promote knowledge and self-efficacy for healthful practices that have the potential to progress to sustained behavior change.

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“…It is assumed that stress factors such as infectious diseases and underlead to changes in the gut microbiome composition [14][15][16]. These changes may be reflected as alterations in metabolism and may lead to fat deposition over time [17][18][19][20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are intestinal parasites associated with obesity in Mexican children and adolescents?

Zavala

Doak

Portrait

et al. 2019

Parasitology International

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Childhood Infections, Socioeconomic Status, and Adult Cardiometabolic Risk

Cited by 29 publications

References 33 publications

Socioeconomic status in childhood and C reactive protein in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Socioeconomic status in childhood and C reactive protein in adulthood: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Adolescent Obesity: Diet Quality, Psychosocial Health, and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Are intestinal parasites associated with obesity in Mexican children and adolescents?

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