Childhood leukaemia incidence and trends in a Middle Eastern country during 1980–2014: a population-based study

Akhtar, Saeed; Al-Abkal, Jarrah; Alshammari, Ahmad

doi:10.1007/s10552-020-01267-3

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…A study from Kuwait reported a marginally significant increase in ASIRs among children (0-19 years) (APC = 2.5) between 1994 and 2014 (Akhtar et al, 2020). A study from Delhi, India documented an increasing trend among children (0-14 years) (APC = 4.58) between 1999 and 2014 (Malhotra et al, 2021), These estimates are substantially greater than the estimates reported in this study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Incidence of Childhood Leukemia in Iraq, 2000-2019

Al-Hashimi

2021

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background: Leukemia is a major concern for children worldwide. Around 30% of malignancies in children (ages 0-14) are caused by leukemia. Objective: This study aims to explore the time trends in the incidence of childhood leukemia (aged 0-14 years) in Iraq between 2000 and 2019. Methods: Poisson regression with a log link function was used to analyze the long-term trends of incidence related to childhood leukemia cancer based on published data from the Iraqi cancer registry between 2000 and 2019. Annual estimates of the population, by 5-year age groups and by gender obtained from the United Nations, population Division. Results: A total of 8,570 cases of leukemia children in Iraq between 2000 and 2019 were recorded, the boys to girl ratio were 1.32 to 1. The most diagnosed type of leukemia was Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, accounting for about 33.56%, followed by Leukemia Not specify (NOS) (17.3%) with a relatively equal proportion of stated instances between boys and girls in these subsets. The age-standardized incidence rates, aged 0-14 years, from 2000-2019 were 3.45/100,000 for both genders. The Joinpoint regression ASRs analysis of childhood leukemia from 2000-2019 among 0 -14 age group for both genders indicate that there was an overall significant increasing trend at 1.23% per year, while no one joinpoint was identified during the entire study period. Among boys, there was an overall insignificant increasing trend at 0.77% per year. Among girls, there was an overall significant increasing trend at 1.93% per year, while one joinpoint was identified during the entire study period. Conclusions: The overall (both genders) incidence rate of childhood leukemia has been increasing significantly in Iraq. The test for trends was insignificant among boys, while it was significant among girls. The increasing trend of leukemia requires further epidemiological studies to describe incidence by geography in Iraq.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

Incidence of Childhood Leukemia in Iraq, 2000-2019

Al-Hashimi

2021

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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“…Chronological variations in a disease risk are generally ascribed to analogous distributional variations in the underlying potential risk factors of that disease. Furthermore, variation in disease incidence may also be influenced by improvement in diagnostic technology and algorithms, could simply be a chance occurrence and/or indeed a real variation in disease risk [31]. Little is known about the specific etiology of MS. Genetic, infectious, immunological, and environmental factors have all been implicated, but none of these factors alone or in combi-nation can explicate the whole spectrum of this disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joinpoint Regression Analysis of Trends in Multiple Sclerosis Incidence in Kuwait: 1980–2019

2020

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Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system with unknown precise etiology. Temporally, a tendency for increasing MS incidence has been recorded worldwide. This cross-sectional cohort study sought to quantify trends in the age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) (per million person-years) of MS in Kuwait from 1980 to 2019, overall and by subcohorts defined by age at MS onset, sex, and nationality. Methods: MS incidence data from 1980 to 2019 were obtained from the Kuwait National MS Registry (KNMSR). Using midyear relevant Kuwait population as denominator and the World Standard Population as a reference, MS ASIRs overall and by subcohorts defined by age at onset (0–19, 20–39, and 40+ years), sex (male and female), and nationality (Kuwaiti and non-Kuwaiti) were computed. Joinpoint regression analysis was conducted to estimate average annual percent change (AAPC) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) overall and by subcohorts. Results: During 1980–2019, a total of 1,764 MS incident cases of 95.6 million person-years at-risk were diagnosed and registered in KNMSR. The overall MS ASIR (per million person-years) during the study period was 34.1 (95% CI: 16.1, 52.1). Between 1980 and 2010, in the total cohort, ASIRs of MS significantly increased by 13% (AAPC = 13.0; 95% CI: 10.8, 15.3; p < 0.001), followed by statistically nonsignificant declining trend during the ensuing period (AAPC = −3.8; 95% CI: −14.8, 8.8; p = 0.522). Joinpoint regression analysis revealed that 2 subcohorts of Kuwaiti females each with one joinpoint had significant increasing trends in MS ASIRs (0- to 19-year-old Kuwaiti females, AAPC: 1980–2009, 81.0; 95% CI: 58.2, 107.0; p = 0.001; 20- to 39-year-old Kuwaiti females, AAPC: 1980–1999, 131.7; 95% CI: 26.9, 322.8; p = 0.021). Additionally, of remaining 10, 6 subcohorts had significantly (p < 0.05) increasing trends in MS ASIRs from 1980 to 2019. Conclusions: From 1980 to 2010, Kuwait has an overall significantly increasing trend in MS ASIRs followed by a nonsignificant declining drift in the ensuing period. The increasing trend in MS risk appeared to be driven by increased risk among Kuwaiti females younger than 40 years. The underlying factors modulating MS risk in Kuwait need further studies.

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Epidemiology of childhood acute leukemias in marginalized populations of the central-south region of Mexico: results from a population-based registry

Flores-Lujano,

Allende-López,

Duarte-Rodríguez

et al. 2024

Front. Oncol.

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IntroductionAcute leukemias (AL) are the main types of cancer in children worldwide. In Mexico, they represent one of the main causes of death in children under 20 years of age. Most of the studies on the incidence of AL in Mexico have been developed in the urban context of Greater Mexico City and no previous studies have been conducted in the central-south of the country through a population-based study. The aim of the present work was to identify the general and specific incidence rates of pediatric AL in three states of the south-central region of Mexico considered as some of the marginalized populations of Mexico (Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca).MethodsA population-based study was conducted. Children aged less than 20 years, resident in these states, and newly diagnosed with AL in public/private hospitals during the period 2021-2022 were identified. Crude incidence rates (cIR), standardized incidence rates (ASIRw), and incidence rates by state subregions (ASIRsr) were calculated. Rates were calculated using the direct and indirect method and reported per million children under 20 years of age. In addition, specific rates were calculated by age group, sex, leukemia subtype, and immunophenotype.ResultsA total of 388 cases with AL were registered. In the three states, the ASIRw for AL was 51.5 cases per million (0-14 years); in Puebla, it was 53.2, Tlaxcala 54.7, and Oaxaca de 47.7. In the age group between 0-19 years, the ASIRw were 44.3, 46.4, 48.2, and 49.6, in Puebla, Tlaxcala, and Oaxaca, respectively. B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia was the most common subtype across the three states.ConclusionThe incidence of childhood AL in the central-south region of Mexico is within the range of rates reported in other populations of Latin American origin. Two incidence peaks were identified for lymphoblastic and myeloid leukemias. In addition, differences in the incidence of the disease were observed among state subregions which could be attributed to social factors linked to the ethnic origin of the inhabitants. Nonetheless, this hypothesis requires further investigation.

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Childhood leukaemia incidence and trends in a Middle Eastern country during 1980–2014: a population-based study

Cited by 4 publications

References 41 publications

Incidence of Childhood Leukemia in Iraq, 2000-2019

Incidence of Childhood Leukemia in Iraq, 2000-2019

Joinpoint Regression Analysis of Trends in Multiple Sclerosis Incidence in Kuwait: 1980–2019

Epidemiology of childhood acute leukemias in marginalized populations of the central-south region of Mexico: results from a population-based registry

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