Childhood obesity: an overview of laboratory medicine, exercise and microbiome

Scudiero, Olga; Pero, Raffaela; Ranieri, Annaluisa; Terracciano, Daniela; Fimiani, Fabio; Cesaro, Arturo; Gentile, Luca; Leggiero, Eleonora; Laneri, Sonia; Moscarella, Elisabetta; Mazzaccara, Cristina; Frisso, Giulia; D’Alicandro, Giovanni; Limongelli, Giuseppe; Pastore, Lucio; Calabrò, Paolo; Lombardo, Barbara

doi:10.1515/cclm-2019-0789

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 252 publications

(272 reference statements)

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“…High-fat diet induced obesity in particular results in perturbations of the gut-microbial composition and the depletion of microbial diversity [ 38 , 61 , 62 ]. In line with accumulating evidence [ 10 , 12 , 60 , 63 ], we show that higher BMIZ score is consistently associated with taxonomic shifts. In the low SES group, where the prevalence of obesity was significantly higher, we detected a strong reduction in bacterial diversity and altered bacterial composition among obese children, in line with accumulating data worldwide.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The intestinal microbiome plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of human metabolic homeostasis and might increase the risk of metabolic and obesity-related complications [ 60 ]. Although there is a lack of consensus on the obese-type microbiome configuration, taxonomic and functional alterations, including reduced biodiversity, have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of obesity in both humans and animal models [ 10 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Associations between Diet and Socioeconomic Disparities and the Intestinal Microbiome in Preadolescence

et al. 2021

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The intestinal microbiome continues to shift and develop throughout youth and could play a pivotal role in health and wellbeing throughout adulthood. Environmental and interpersonal determinants are strong mediators of the intestinal microbiome during the rapid growth period of preadolescence. We aim to delineate associations between the gut microbiome composition, body mass index (BMI), dietary intake and socioeconomic status (SES) in a cohort of ethnically homogenous preadolescents. This cohort included 139 Arab children aged 10–12 years, from varying socioeconomic strata. Dietary intake was assessed using the 24-h recall method. The intestinal microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Microbial composition was associated with SES, showing an overrepresentation of Prevotella and Eubacterium in children with lower SES. Higher BMI was associated with lower microbial diversity and altered taxonomic composition, including higher levels of Collinsella, especially among participants from lower SES. Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids was the strongest predictor of bacterial alterations, including an independent association with Lachnobacterium and Lactobacillus. This study demonstrates that the intestinal microbiome in preadolescents is associated with socioeconomic determinants, BMI and dietary intake, specifically with higher consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids. Thus, tailored interventions during these crucial years have the potential to improve health disparities throughout the lifespan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Associations between Diet and Socioeconomic Disparities and the Intestinal Microbiome in Preadolescence

et al. 2021

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“…In addition, obesity and sedentariness represent two fundamental factors in the onset of pathologies, such as cardiovascular [29,30] and respiratory disease [31]. During the quarantine, it has been shown that obese patients are exposed to an increased risk of severe respiratory, even if the link between the obesity and the severity of COVID-19 is unclear [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Job Activity, Dietary Behaviours and Physical Activity Habits of University Population of Naples, Federico II-Italy

Brancaccio

Mennitti

Gentile

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Coronaviruses (CoVs) are a large family of respiratory viruses that can cause mild to moderate illness. The new variant COVID-19 has started to spread rapidly since December 2019, posing a new threat to global health. To counter the spread of the virus, the Italian government forced the population to close all activities starting from 9 March 2020 to 4 May 2020. In this scenario, we conducted a cross-sectional study on a heterogeneous sample (average age of 28 ± 12 years, 62.6% females) of the University of Naples Federico II (Italy). The aim of the study was to describe the lifestyle change in the university population during quarantine for the COVID 19 pandemic. Participants compiled an online survey consisting of 3 sections: socio-demographic data, dietary behaviours, physical activity habits and psychological aspects. The different results by gender are: 90.8% of females continued to work from home (81.9% were students); 34.8% increased their physical activity; and, only 0.8% prefer ready meals. Whereas, the same percentage of men continued to work from home (90%), but only 72.1% were students (p < 0.001 vs. females), only 23.9% increased physical activity (p < 0.001) and 1.7% favous ready meals. Our data shows that the male population was more affected by isolation and quarantine reporting more unfavourable behavioural changes.

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“…Childhood obesity is a risk factor for insulin resistance and the development of DM in older ages. [14] Llewelyn et al reported that a significant relationship exists between childhood obesity and the development of type 2 DM. [15] *Independent sample t test, † Mann Whitney U test.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Obesity and Related Factors in Secondary School Children

Ersoy¹

2021

Anatol JFM

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This study investigated the relationship between obesity and hyperlipidemia, hypertension and blood glucose in secondary school children.Methods: Children between 12 and 17 years old who applied to the Family Health Centers were included. The body mass index, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid levels of the children were retrospectively evaluated. All participants were divided into four groups (underweight, normal, overweight, obese) according to body mass index. In the second stratification, children were examined as two groups (obese, non-obese).Results: Three hundred seven children 53 (17.4%) of whom were obese participated in the study. The mean systolic blood pressure was 119.6±14.5 mm/Hg in obese children and 113.1±11.7 mm/Hg in non-obese children, while mean diastolic blood pressure was 72.2±9.7 mm/Hg in obese group and 68.3±8.9 mm/Hg in nonobese group (p=0.001 and p=0.005, respectively). LDL-cholesterol levels were found as 102.0 [32.0] mg/dL in obese group and 89.5 [32.0] mg/dL in non-obese group, triglyceride as 96.0 [50.0] mg/dL in obese group and 76 [43.0] mg/dL in non-obese group, and total cholesterol as 170.0 [35.0] mg/dL in obese group and 155.0 [35.0] mg/dL in non-obese group (p<0.001, p=0.015 and p=0.006, respectively). In correlation analysis, body mass index and systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels was significantly positive (r=0.230 and p<0.001; r=0.155 and p=0.007; r=0.139 and p=0.015; r=0.149 and p=0.009; r=0.123 and p=0.032, respectively). Conclusion:In the present study obese children were found to be closely related to dyslipidemia and hypertension.

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Childhood obesity: an overview of laboratory medicine, exercise and microbiome

Cited by 16 publications

References 252 publications

The Associations between Diet and Socioeconomic Disparities and the Intestinal Microbiome in Preadolescence

The Associations between Diet and Socioeconomic Disparities and the Intestinal Microbiome in Preadolescence

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Job Activity, Dietary Behaviours and Physical Activity Habits of University Population of Naples, Federico II-Italy

Evaluation of Obesity and Related Factors in Secondary School Children

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