Childhood trauma as a risk factor for psychosis: A sib-pair study

Barrigón, María Luisa; Díaz, Francisco Javier Rodríguez; Gurpegui, Manuel; Ferrín, Maite; Salcedo, M.D.; Moreno-Granados, Josefa; Cervilla, Jorge A.; Ruiz‐Veguilla, Miguel

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.08.017

Cited by 26 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In the short time since the publication of that review, over twenty additional studies have been published, most of which provide further evidence that childhood adversities are more common among those with psychosis, again across the spectrum. Perhaps most notably, in a prospective study of 1,112 adolescents, Kelleher et al found that cessation of trauma was associated with subsequent cessation of psychotic experiences.…”

Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood adversities and psychosis: evidence, challenges, implications

2016

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There is a substantial body of research reporting evidence of associations between various forms of childhood adversity and psychosis, across the spectrum from experiences to disorder. This has been extended, more recently, to include studies of cumulative effects, of interactions with other factors, of specific effects, and of putative biological and psychological mechanisms. In this paper we evaluate this research and highlight the remaining methodological issues and gaps that temper, but do not dismiss, conclusions about the causal role of childhood adversity. We also consider the emerging work on cumulative, synergistic, and specific effects and on mechanisms; and discuss the broader implications of this line of research for our understanding of psychosis. We conclude that the current balance of evidence is that childhood adversities -particularly exposure to multiple adversities involving hostility and threat -do, in some people, contribute to the onset of psychotic experiences and psychotic disorders. There has been a flurry of research on the relationship between childhood adversity and psychosis over the past ten years. This has extended, more recently, to studies that have sought to elaborate on the nature of the relationship, by examining cumulative effects, interactions with other risk factors (e.g., genes), specificity of effects, and putative mechanisms.For some authors, the accumulated evidence unequivocally establishes that difficult and unpleasant experiences in childhood contribute to the development of psychoses 1 . For others, the evidence is not so clear cut 2 . At issue, in part at least, are fundamental questions about the nature and aetiology of psychosis. Much, then, is at stake and a further appraisal of the evidence is warranted. In this paper, we first summarize and critically evaluate research on the association between childhood adversities and psychosis (including low-level experiences, at risk states, and disorders). In doing this, we focus particularly on remaining methodological issues and gaps in the literature, and on research that has further investigated the nature of the association. We then reflect on the broader implications of this work for our understanding of psychosis. CHILDHOOD ADVERSITYChildhood adversity is a broad term that denotes exposure to a range of difficult or unpleasant situations or experiences, usually before the age of 16. The adversities typically considered in studies of psychoses include household poverty, separation from a parent (i.e., family breakdown), death of a parent, neglect, abuse (including emotional, psychological, physical, and sexual), and peer bullying.Estimates suggest that large numbers of children are exposed to such situations and experiences. In the UK, for example, according to estimates, over 3 million children (28%) live in poverty (defined as less than 60% of the average household income) 3 , over 3 million children (23% of those living in families) live in lone parent households 4 , around 6% of those aged 0-10 years and around...

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Section: Evidencementioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood adversities and psychosis: evidence, challenges, implications

2016

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“…Neurotic personality also contributed independently to this risk. These findings might help to improve the prevention of psychosis and aid in the development of specific treatment strategies [36].…”

Section: Risk Factors For Psychosismentioning

confidence: 96%

Risks and Protective Factors of the Prodromal Stage of Psychosis: A Literature Review

Althwanay

AlZamil

Almukhadhib

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Psychosis is a syndrome characterized by features of reality distortion such as delusions and hallucinations. It may occur as a primary mental disorder or secondary to a medical or neurological illness or substance abuse. Several genetic, environmental, and protective risk factors have been identified and require further study. Neurobiological damage at the onset of schizophrenia is the most active and destructive. Therefore, it is important to detect the prodromal phase of psychosis so that interventions can be started early and the onset of psychosis delayed. Herein, we review the relevant epidemiological data on psychosis, particularly in Saudi Arabia. In addition, the risk and protective factors of psychosis will be discussed. Recent findings have shown that psychosis development is affected by genetic and environmental factors. Psychotic disorders are considered a cause of disability and are, therefore, a substantial economic burden. Consequently, it is important to try and detect the psychosis in its prodromal stage, where intervention may slow its progression and improve general wellbeing. Several tools have been identified to screen for the prodrome of psychosis, one of which is the prodromal questionnaire-brief version. This has been shown to be a promising tool that can be self-administered by the patient in contrast to long interview-based tools, which are time-consuming and require a physician to perform. Despite the limited evidence in the literature, there have been significant improvements in the outcomes of patients with psychosis when treated in the prodromal period. In summary, this article provides psychiatrists and researchers with an overview of psychosis, its risk factors, the prodromal stage of psychosis, tools to detect the prodromal phase, and potential treatments during this phase.

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“…Finally, it is necessary to highlight that one of the seven studies did not find a significant interaction among the studied variables (Barrigon et al, 2015).…”

Section: Interaction Between Childhood Trauma Substance Use and Ssdmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Three other studies related sexual abuse in childhood with a higher probability of presenting a diagnosis of SSD (Ding et al, 2014;Houston et al, 2011;Tomassi et al, 2017). Barrigon et al (2015) and Harley et al (2010) found that the chances of suffering psychosis were 7.3 and 5.2 times higher, respectively, for those who had suffered childhood trauma than for those who had not experienced it, and both works had moderate methodological quality. Additionally, with moderate quality, the Morkved study examined two different patient samples: a sample of patients with SSD and a sample of patients with substance abuse.…”

Section: Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Ssdmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work of Saddichha et al (2015) examined whether there were differences between those who used cannabis and those who used stimulants with regard to SSD, and they found that cannabis users had higher rates of lifetime SSD than stimulant users. Barrigón et al, found that the odds of developing psychosis were 16.5 times higher for subjects who used cannabis than for those who did not use cannabis (Barrigon et al, 2015). The last two described works that presented a moderate methodological quality.…”

Section: Relationship Between Substance Use and Ssdmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Childhood trauma and substance use underlying psychosis: a systematic review

Setién-Suero

Suárez-Pinilla

Ferro

et al. 2020

European Journal of Psychotraumatology

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Background: Schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSD) are mental diseases caused by a combination of genetic susceptibility and a number of environmental factors. Among these factors, the role of traumatic events suffered in childhood, as well as that of substance use, have been of particular research interest. Objectives: To conduct a systematic review to clarify whether there is an interaction between childhood trauma and substance use related to the diagnosis or symptoms of SSD. It was also the objective of this review to collate the associations that may exist between the three variables of the study (trauma, substance use and psychosis). Methods: We conducted a systematic search resulting in 240 articles. We considered all of the original articles that explored childhood trauma and substance use in patients suffering from SSD. Results: Twenty-three articles were selected for this review. Several of the reviewed papers found associations between childhood trauma and substance use with SSD, as well as interactions between trauma and drug use on SSD. Conclusions: The results suggest that childhood trauma and substance use may be present at the basis of psychosis. This double hit on the pathogenesis could have clinical implications, since each of these impacts could be considered a window of opportunity for the primary prevention of SSD.

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Childhood trauma as a risk factor for psychosis: A sib-pair study

Cited by 26 publications

References 48 publications

Childhood adversities and psychosis: evidence, challenges, implications

Childhood adversities and psychosis: evidence, challenges, implications

Risks and Protective Factors of the Prodromal Stage of Psychosis: A Literature Review

Childhood trauma and substance use underlying psychosis: a systematic review

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