Childhood Tuberculosis in a Rural Tropical Area: Risk Factors

Mbala, L; Mashako, Maria; Kashongwe, Murhula Innocent

doi:10.1177/004947550203200229

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…6 Other risk factors known to be associated with TB infection include poverty, poor immunization status (unvaccinated with BCG), low parental education especially maternal education, overcrowding, high population density, contact with adult infectious TB cases, ingestion of unpasteurized milk, and chronic diseases. 4,[7][8][9][10][11][12][13] The advent of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection has changed the global trend of TB with number of TB cases rising especially in the developing countries of southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, where co-infection with HIV and TB are prevalent. 14 Nigeria continues to record the highest TB incidence in sub-Saharan Africa as a result of the prevalence of the aforementioned risk factors worsen by protracted poverty, recent large pool of internally displaced persons and population migration due to ethno-religious conflicts/insurgency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors associated with paediatric tuberculosis in an endemic setting

Attah

Oguche

Egah

et al. 2018

Alexandria Journal of Medicine

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Background: The success of any tuberculosis (TB) control/intervention programme hinges on the understanding of transmission dynamics of TB within that setting. However, there is paucity of data in high disease burdened countries like Nigeria on the associated risk factors of childhood TB and this supports the need for this research. Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalent associated risk factors of childhood pulmonary TB in a high diseased burdened setting. Subjects and method: We carried out a cross sectional study among children aged 18 months to 15 years in six selected health facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. The subjects were screened for pulmonary TB using chest X-ray, sputum or gastric aspirate acid-fast bacilli microscopy and mycobacterium culture. They were also screened for HIV infection. Detailed information was taken regarding history of contact with adult TB source case, household contact, duration of contact, household size, number of people sleeping in a room, cross ventilation, BCG immunization, socioeconomic , educational and HIV status of parents, and ingestion of unpasteurized milk and chronic illness other than TB. The subjects had physical examination for BCG scar and nutritional status. Results: A total of 150 subjects were selected for the study with mean age of 9.12 ± 4.66 years and median age of 10.0 years. The prevalence of definite TB cases found among them was 32% which is 5.5 times higher than the reported national average. The risk factors associated with pulmonary TB include lower socioeconomic status (79.2%), history of contact with an adult TB case source (72.9%), overcrowding (72.9%), absence of cross ventilation (68.8%), ingestion of unpasteurized milk (45.8%) and severe malnutrition among children under five using MUAC parameter (12.5%). The most significant independent predictors of TB in children were absence of cross ventilation (OR = 3.27), contact with adult source case (OR = 2.91) and overcrowding (OR = 2.30). Conclusion: Absent of cross ventilation, contact with adult source case and overcrowding are the most significant predictors of pulmonary TB in children. Although ingestion of unpasteurized milk is a significant predictor and important source of TB, it is not a major source of TB transmission when compared to contact with adult source case (Open TB).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%