Background: Tuberculosis remains a very common infectious disease in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The resistance to drugs worsens the prognosis and the outcome of patients affected tuberculosis and increase their mortality. Objective: To identify factors associated with death among Multidrugs resistant tuberculosis (MDR/RR TB) patients referred to the referential hospital, Centre d'Excellence Damien (CEDA). Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients attending health care to the Center CEDA, a referral center for management of MDR/RR-TB in DR Congo. This study included all MDR/RR-TB patients referred from February 1st, 2015 to February 29th, 2017. A multivariate COX regression was performed to identify factors associated with mortality in the target population. Kaplan Meier method described the survival of patients and the comparison of curves was performed by the test of log Rank. Results: 199 patients were included in our study. Male gender was predominant with a sex ratio of 1.3. The mean age of patients was 35.8 ± 13.9 years. Among them, 18 (15.1%) were died. The major complications were Chronicles pulmonary Heart failure (p = 0.035), Chronic respiratory insufficiency (p = 0.004), depression (p = 0.044), undernutrition (p = 0.033), alcohol addiction (p = 0.006) and high smoking (p = 0.019). In multivariated analysis, factors associated to the death were alcohol addiction (HRa = 12.64, 95% CI 2.36 -14.55, p = 0.003), asthenia (HRa = 4.75, 95% CI 1.56 -14.50, p < 0.001), pulmonary consolidation (HRa = 10.01 95% CI 2.34 -12.86, p = 0.02), some chest X-ray abnormalities such as signs of pulmonary

In this manuscript the authors have studied the first two patients who were successfully treated with the treatment regimen containing Bedaquiline as second-line drug. The patients were diagnosed with pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (preXDR TB) whose prognosis was fatal in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Bedaquiline is arguably one of the molecules of the future in the management of ultra-resistant tuberculosis. However, a larger cohort study may help to establish its effectiveness. Case report: Patients 1, 29 years old, with a history of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) one year previously. He showed signs of TB impregnation again 6 months after the last treatment. Bascilloscopy was positive again. The pre-extensively tuberculosis (pre-XDR TB) diagnosis was made by the Hain test (GenoType® MTBDRsl, Hain Lifescience). Patient 2, brother of the first patient, with a history of MDR TB a year before. He had low back pain with right parietal dorso swelling four months after the last treatment. The x-ray of the column showed L4-L5 disc disease. Parietal ultrasound showed a parietal abscess to the right of thoracic vertebrae with fistulization. Surgical biopsy and pus culture confirmed the diagnosis of Pre-XDR Extrapulmonary TB. The treatment regimen was the same for both patients: 6 months with Amikacin (Am) Bedaquiline (Bdq) Prothionamide (Pto) Paraamino Salicylic acid (PAS) Linezolid (Lzd) Cycloserine (Cs) Pyrazinamide (Z) and 14 months with PAS Lzd Cs Z. The side effects were minor. Bacteriological controls (smears and cultures) after 20 months of treatment are negative to date.

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