This study investigated livelihood strategies of women in the Niger Delta in Nigeria, with a focus on artisanal fi shery. Specifi cally, it described the demographic characteristics of the women, identifi ed other means of livelihood available to the respondents, and established the correlates of women's participation in fi sh production along with the benefi ts and constraints associated with their participation. A validated interview schedule was used to elicit information from 600 women, who were selected through a multistage sampling procedure. The results revealed that the majority (71.67 percent) of the women participated extensively in artisanal fi shery, with none possessing skills in pond fi sh production. Access to communal facilities (χ 2 = 6.43, p < 0.05) was strongly associated with their participation in artisanal fi shery. At p < 0.05, capital needed for expansion (r = 0.72) and present capital (r = 0.54) were positively and signifi cantly related to women's level of participation in fi sh production. However, the "fi sh-for-sex" phenomenon, confl ict between productive and reproductive roles, as well as vectors of oppression (marital status and illiteracy) were found to impinge on women's participation. However, dissemination of information on fi sh ponds among women was identifi ed as an innovative appropriate technology that could improve women's livelihoods. The study therefore recommended implementation of women-oriented interventionist's programs with the following components: skill acquisition for farmed fi sh, subsidized appropriate technologies for fi sh pond production, and provision of soft loans.