“…Nevertheless, the male partner's income still surpasses that of the female partner in about 45% of couples, and this is more common when there are young children in the household (Bergsvik et al, 2016;Skrede & Wiik, 2012). Despite a convergence in men's and women's time use in the labour market and the family in recent decades, parenthood still strengthens gender-role specialization in couples (Kitterød & Rønsen, 2014) and intensifies the gender gap in earnings, wages, and career development in Norway (Barth, Hardoy, Schøne, & Østbakken, 2013;Cools & Strøm, 2014;Hardoy, Schøne, & Østbakken, 2017).…”