In the past two decades, there has been a raft of research on children"s behaviour and their interaction with outdoor environment. The aim of this paper is to present a synthesis of 30 studies from 1985 to 2010 on children"s use of outdoor environments. The aspects taken into consideration include methodological issues and factors that influence the use of outdoor environments. The trends of the studies are discussed. In summary, the children"s place preferences and play behaviours in the outdoor environments are influenced by their developmental needs, individual, physical and social factors. Aziz, N.F., & Said, 2(5) Oct / Dec 2017 (p.97-108) 98
IntroductionIn recent years there has been a growing discourse regarding playing outdoors as both a need and right of young children, and central to their well-being. The body of the research considering children"s rights to play in the outdoor environment has raised especially investigation on children"s play behaviour and their interaction with outdoor environment. These developments have occurred in a large extent due to a range of phenomena that are hindering children"s play experiences at outdoor environments including rapid urbanisation, increase in street traffic, badly planned urban environments, pollution, pressures of educational accomplishment, creation of indoor play technologies and a lack of awareness about the importance of play for children"s development and well-being (Kernan, M. 2010). As a result of these changes, it is increasingly uncommon to see groups of children walking, running or playing on the outdoor environments without adult"s supervision. Such changes certainly have profound repercussions on the psycho-physical development of children (Castonguay, G. & Jutras, S., 2010).Children need to have the environment that addresses them, challenges them, and provides something for them to observe, to think about, to make choices, to attract their attention, to engage in their favourite activities and to give them the opportunity to meet friends. They also need the freedom to explore and to satisfy their curiosity about the world. The opportunity to be in the outdoor environment is important for the development of children"s motor and cognitive skills, interpersonal attitudes and emotions. The differences in outdoor environments such as neighborhoods, parks, playgrounds, school grounds and natural environments can comprise rich sources of stimulation and affordances for children. Affordances refer to the functional properties of the environments offering a child to interact actively with the environment (Gibson, J.J., 1979; Heft, H., 1988;Kytta, M., 2002Kytta, M., , 2004. For example, flat and smooth surfaces can allow for cycling, running and skating; smooth slopes can allow for skateboarding, while shrubs can allow for a hide and seek game. Affordances and other stimulation provided by the environment allow and support children"s exploration and play.Play has been central to the study of children"s outdoor environments. It is the prim...