Children's exposure assessment of radiofrequency fields: Comparison between spot and personal measurements

Gallastegi, Mara; Huss, Anke; Santa‐Marina, Loreto; Aurrekoetxea, Juan José; Guxens, Mònica; Birks, Laura Ellen; Ibarluzea, Jesús; Guerra, D.; Röösli, Martin; Jiménez-Zabala, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.envint.2018.05.028

Cited by 36 publications

(33 citation statements)

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“…Lastly, the median values for exposure ratio converge to 0.0075% for both urban and suburban environments resulted in no statistical differentiation between them. The median values of E ‐field measured in urban and suburban environments (0.244 and 0.229 V/m, respectively) are in line with Gallastegi et al's [] conclusions concerning the median values of power flux density by spot measurements in school playgrounds (200.10 μW/m 2 ) and parks (122.96 μW/m 2 ).…”

supporting

confidence: 89%

“…Published literature includes, among others, in‐situ indoor and outdoor measurements in schools and/or playgrounds with or without personal dosimeters for the evaluation of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) and/or extremely low‐frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields [Juhász et al, ; Vermeeren et al, ; Verloock et al, , ; Liorni et al, ; Struchen et al, ; Gallastegi et al, ; Birks et al, ]. In Greece, a specific legislative framework for children's playgrounds was established in 2009 in order to ensure compliance with the established exposure limits to RF EMF and extremely low‐frequency (ELF) fields [International Commission on Non Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP), ].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This study is in line with the international literature's findings, confirming the children's exposure levels in urban and suburban environments. Although spot measurements provide overestimation of RF exposure levels compared to personal dosimeters’ data [Gallastegi et al, ], EEAE intends to correlate this study's findings with personal dosimeters’ data and schedule national epidemiological investigations, in order to provide a complete description of the exposure patterns.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Radiofrequency and Extremely Low‐Frequency Field Levels at Children's Playground Sites in Greece From 2013 to 2018

Christopoulou

Karabetsos

2019

Bioelectromagnetics

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in-situ measurements of radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) and extremely low-frequency (ELF) electric and magnetic fields in 317 existing and under-construction children's playground facilities, in 16 municipalities all over Greece, were carried out by the Greek Atomic Energy Commission (EEAE). These measurements were conducted following legislative framework established in 2009, which requires that compliance with the established exposure limits for EMFs should be verified in playground areas. The results are presented by the value of the electric field (E) and exposure ratio (Λ) for the RF EMF, as well as the value of the electric field (E) and magnetic flux density (B) for the ELF electric and magnetic fields. Statistical analysis tools were applied on measurement data and conclusions have been made, taking into consideration: (i) environment type (urban/suburban), and (ii) vicinity to any transmitting installations. Measurement results correspond to the typical EMF background levels for each environment type. Concerning the environment type, RF EMF, and ELF electric/magnetic field measurements reveal no differentiation between urban and suburban environments. Bioelectromagnetics. 2019;40:602-605.

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confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Radiofrequency and Extremely Low‐Frequency Field Levels at Children's Playground Sites in Greece From 2013 to 2018

Christopoulou

Karabetsos

2019

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…Other studies have compared levels of RF-EMF exposure in different areas and moments of the day [21], [22] and have compared those levels with maximum levels allowed by international guidelines [23]. Several studies have also measured exposure levels and determined contributions from different sources [5], [9], [24]- [26], through monitoring of exposure levels in microenvironments with the participation of volunteers [13], [27]- [31], or specific measurements carried out by a researcher [10], [14], [32]- [37].…”

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confidence: 99%

Measurements and Analysis of Personal Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields at Outdoor and Indoor School Buildings: A Case Study at a Spanish School

et al. 2020

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Personal exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF) has increased due to the development of a society of information and the implementation of new technologies. Most studies about RF-EMF are focused on adult exposure in different microenvironments, but these studies do not usually consider places where children are exposed. We present results of measurements and analysis of personal exposure to RF-EMF at outdoor and indoor school buildings, at a Spanish school, a place where children and employees spend a significant time period and are exposed to RF-EMF. The highest exposure levels were recorded inside school buildings during the week, and around the school area during the weekend. Our measurements show that levels of RF-EMF intensity from Wi-Fi band registered around school area are affected by Wi-Fi from neighbors of residential areas. Exposure levels from Wi-Fi band and mobile phone antennas are below reference levels established by international guidelines. INDEX TERMS Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields (RF-EMF), Wi-Fi, personal exposure, spot measurements, outside and inside school.

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“…(Asunción) / Vol. 51 - Nº 2, 2018 personas potencialmente expuestas si no se controlan adecuadamente (6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Introduccionunclassified

Exposure assessment of radiofrecuency electromagnetic fields in academic areas

Spinelli

Lima

Cordero

et al. 2018

An. Fac. Cienc. Méd. (Asunción)

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Introducción: Las radiaciones no ionizantes no poseen el nivel de energía requerido para producir ionización en los tejidos o causar daño al DNA, pero pueden generar efectos térmicos y no térmicos en la salud de los seres humanos que son actualmente motivo de estudio y discusión. Gran parte de la actividad cotidiana en ámbitos académicos se desarrolla bajo la influencia de innumerables radiaciones. Objetivo: Evaluar y determinar el nivel de exposición a las radiaciones no ionizantes en ámbitos académicos

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Children's exposure assessment of radiofrequency fields: Comparison between spot and personal measurements

Abstract: Exposure assessment based on spot measurements could be a feasible proxy to rank personal RF exposure in children population, providing that all relevant locations are being measured.

Cited by 36 publications

References 50 publications

Evaluation of Radiofrequency and Extremely Low‐Frequency Field Levels at Children's Playground Sites in Greece From 2013 to 2018

Evaluation of Radiofrequency and Extremely Low‐Frequency Field Levels at Children's Playground Sites in Greece From 2013 to 2018

Measurements and Analysis of Personal Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Fields at Outdoor and Indoor School Buildings: A Case Study at a Spanish School

Exposure assessment of radiofrecuency electromagnetic fields in academic areas

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