Children’s Right to Safety: The Problem of Corporal Punishment in Pakistan

Holden, George W.; Ashraf, Rose

doi:10.1007/978-81-322-2425-9_5

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The observed strongest concurrent associations of harsh parenting with externalizing problems in South Asian countries cannot be explained by cultural normativeness. Physical punishment of children tends to be widely accepted in these countries (Holden & Ashif, 2016;Straus, 2010;UNICEF, 2019), which should-according to the cultural normativeness hypothesis-reduce aversive effects of physical punishment. Similarly, the observed strongest longitudinal bivariate association of harsh parenting with externalizing symptoms in North Africa/the Arabian Peninsula cannot be explained by cultural normativeness because physical punishment tends to be culturally accepted in these regions (Dwairy et al, 2006;Ifan, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the observed strongest longitudinal bivariate association of harsh parenting with externalizing symptoms in North Africa/the Arabian Peninsula cannot be explained by cultural normativeness because physical punishment tends to be culturally accepted in these regions (Dwairy et al, 2006;Ifan, 2008). Severe punishment is very common in these areas (and in rural parts in particular; Alyahri & Goodman, 2008;Holden & Ashif, 2016), and more severe physical punishment has been found to lead to more severe aversive consequences (Ferguson, 2013). This might have led to the above-average associations with child outcomes in these regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cultural Differences in the Association of Harsh Parenting with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis

Pinquart

2021

J Child Fam Stud

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The goal of the present meta-analysis was to compare associations of harsh parenting with internalizing and externalizing symptoms across regions of the globe and ethnic groups, and to search for moderator effects of indicators of cultural normativeness of harsh parenting. The systematic search in electronic databases and cross-referencing identified 971 studies. Random-effects meta-analyses were computed on bivariate and cross-lagged associations. Harsh parenting was associated with more internalizing and externalizing symptoms in all assessed regions of the globe and in all compared ethnic groups within western countries. Cross-lagged statistical effects of harsh parenting on change in child symptoms were found in North America, Western Europe, Latin America, East Asia, South-East Asia, and North Africa/the Arabian Peninsula, while there were no data from Eastern Europe. In line with the cultural normativeness hypothesis, a few moderating effects of the legal ban of physical punishment of children, acceptance and prevalence of physical punishment, and individualism-collectivism were identified. Externalizing symptoms predicted a stronger increase in harsh parenting if physical punishment was more accepted in the individual country. However, national levels of acceptance of physical punishment did not affect associations of harsh parenting with change in child outcomes. Although most associations of harsh parenting with child symptoms were statistically small (bivariate associations) or very small (cross-lagged associations), it is concluded that parents across the globe should be recommended to avoid harsh parenting. More longitudinal studies are needed for analyzing regional differences in parent and child effects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cultural Differences in the Association of Harsh Parenting with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis

Pinquart

2021

J Child Fam Stud

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“…Rehmat believed that she should not punish the children but it was a common practice in Pakistan; otherwise, it was thought that they would not demonstrate good behaviour. The country does not ban corporal punishment in homes, which affects children's right to safety, integration and protection (Holden and Ashraf, 2016). Besides, Rehmat indicated that: I feel sad when they complain about their mother beating them.…”

Section: Strategies From Migrant Workers To Cope With the Issues Of Their Children And Siblingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migrant Workers in Malaysia: covid-19’s Impact on the Rights of their Children and Siblings in Pakistan

Khoso

Noor

2021

Int. J. Child. Rights

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With the help of narratives of migrant workers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, this article seeks to understands the impacts of the covid-19 (known as the 2019 novel coronavirus) pandemic on the rights of their children and children’s siblings in Pakistan. The pandemic impacted the flow of remittances to their families, which further impacted children’s right to education, livelihoods and food. They also revealed that the pandemic had impacted their children’s right to protection, play and development. Children had lost the freedom to play and go outside, socialise and learn. Migrant workers’ children and siblings with limited financial support should have been provided with adequate financial and social security support by Pakistan, but they were not. They also revealed that during the pandemic, children were also regular victims of harsh treatment and physical abuse by adult family members, reflecting the exacerbation of issues of breaches of their fundamental right to protection and emotional integrity.

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“…Children are also victimised in the homes. According to a survey conducted among 4,200 children in Pakistan between 5-16-year-old, all the children were victims of physical punishment by their parents at home (Holden & Ashraf, 2016). The most frequently practiced forms of punishment at home include slapping, hitting with stick, and kicking.…”

Section: Violence Against Children In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Victimisation of children from physical punishment is also common in schools. According to a study, physical punishment is used in order to discipline children in around 89% of both public and private schools in Pakistan (Holden & Ashraf, 2016).…”

Section: Violence Against Children In Pakistanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acceptance of Violence and Its Concomitants Among Students from Three Types of Schools in Pakistan

Nazar

Österman

Björkqvist

2021

European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies

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The aim of the study was to investigate associations between acceptance of violence and victimisation from physical punishment by teachers, self-esteem, and psychological concomitants among students from three school systems in Pakistan. A questionnaire was completed by 550 girls, and 550 boys. The mean age for girls was 13.3 years, and for boys 14.1. Boys accepted violence significantly more than girls. Students in Urdu Medium schools accepted violence significantly more than students in the Madrassa, and students in English Medium schools accepted it significantly least of all. In English Medium schools, girls accepted violence significantly more than boys, in Urdu Medium schools there was no sex difference, and in the Madrassa, boys accepted it significantly more than girls. Respondents who scored higher than average on acceptance of violence scored significantly higher on victimisation from physical punishment by teachers, anxiety, depression, and hostility, and had significantly lower self-esteem.

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Children’s Right to Safety: The Problem of Corporal Punishment in Pakistan

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Cultural Differences in the Association of Harsh Parenting with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis

Cultural Differences in the Association of Harsh Parenting with Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms: A Meta-Analysis

Migrant Workers in Malaysia: covid-19’s Impact on the Rights of their Children and Siblings in Pakistan

Acceptance of Violence and Its Concomitants Among Students from Three Types of Schools in Pakistan

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