Children With Asthma Hospitalized With Seasonal or Pandemic Influenza, 2003–2009

Dawood, Fatimah S.; Kamimoto, Laurie; D’Mello, Tiffany; Reingold, Arthur; Gershman, Ken; Meek, James; Arnold, Kathryn E.; Farley, Monica M.; Ryan, Patricia; Lynfield, Ruth; Morin, Craig; Baumbach, Joan; Zansky, Shelley; Bennett, Nancy M.; Thomas, Ann; Schaffner, William; Kirschke, David; Finelli, Lyn

doi:10.1542/peds.2010-3343

Cited by 76 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Novel functions for eosinophils in cancer (32), cardiac disease (33), and diabetes (34), among others, indicate that eosinophils and their role in immunity are complex and extend beyond that of allergic diseases. Recent reports surrounding the 2009 influenza pandemic provide evidence that asthmatics were less likely to suffer severe morbidity compared with non-asthmatics (4,5,7,35). Mice sensitized and challenged with A. fumigatus and infected during peak airway inflammation were protected from influenza, marked by the absence of weight loss, enhanced viral clearance, and increased infiltration of virus-specific CD8 + T cells into the airways (13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophils Promote Antiviral Immunity in Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus

Samarasinghe

Melo

Duan

et al. 2017

The Journal of Immunology

154

172

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Eosinophils are multifunctional cells of the innate immune system linked to allergic inflammation. Asthmatics were more likely to be hospitalized but less likely to suffer severe morbidity and mortality during the 2009 influenza pandemic. These epidemiologic findings were recapitulated in a mouse model of fungal asthma wherein infection during heightened allergic inflammation was protective against influenza A virus (IAV) infection and disease. Our goal was to delineate a mechanism(s) by which allergic asthma may alleviate influenza disease outcome, focused on the hypothesis that pulmonary eosinophilia linked with allergic respiratory disease is able to promote antiviral host defenses against the influenza virus. The transfer of eosinophils from the lungs of allergen-sensitized and challenged mice into influenza virus–infected mice resulted in reduced morbidity and viral burden, improved lung compliance, and increased CD8+ T cell numbers in the airways. In vitro assays with primary or bone marrow–derived eosinophils were used to determine eosinophil responses to the virus using the laboratory strain (A/PR/08/1934) or the pandemic strain (A/CA/04/2009) of IAV. Eosinophils were susceptible to IAV infection and responded by activation, piecemeal degranulation, and upregulation of Ag presentation markers. Virus- or viral peptide–exposed eosinophils induced CD8+ T cell proliferation, activation, and effector functions. Our data suggest that eosinophils promote host cellular immunity to reduce influenza virus replication in lungs, thereby providing a novel mechanism by which hosts with allergic asthma may be protected from influenza morbidity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eosinophils Promote Antiviral Immunity in Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus

Samarasinghe

Melo

Duan

et al. 2017

The Journal of Immunology

154

172

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“…[234] Underlying conditions also put children at risk for longer hospitalization stays, compared to children without underlying conditions, [235] and are frequently present among fatal cases of influenza virus infection among children. [236] Among adults with acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), a systematic review found that RT-PCR-confirmed influenza was associated with 7% of cases, and with highest number of respiratory viruses detected in Europe, but a highest proportion of influenza relative to other viruses in Asia.…”

Section: Disease Burdenmentioning

confidence: 99%

2012/13 influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B: estimates from a European network of hospitals

Rondy¹,

Launay

Puig-Barberà

et al. 2015

Eurosurveillance

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“…2 In high-income countries, 3% to 18% of pediatric admissions to the hospital are due to LRTI, 3,4 and among pediatric LRTI hospitalizations, 3% to 14% have been reported to require admission to an ICU. [5][6][7][8][9] Data on rates of pediatric hospitalizations for severe LRTI, including those requiring specialized care, such as ICU or mechanical ventilation, are limited. Such information might be useful for public health emergency planning for pandemics and other emerging respiratory infections, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hospitalizations for Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), including pneumonia, are in the top 10 causes of death among children in the United States. In high-income countries, 3% to 14% of LRTI hospitalizations have been reported to require admission to an ICU. During 2007During -2011, approximately 31 289 hospitalizations for severe LRTI occurred in children each year in the United States. Children ,1 year of age had the highest rates of severe LRTI and accounted for 30% of severe LRTI hospitalizations. abstract BACKGROUND: Hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) among children have been well characterized. We characterized hospitalizations for severe LRTI among children. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: METHODS:We analyzed claims data from commercial and Medicaid insurance enrollees (MarketScan) ages 0 to 18 years from 2007 to 2011. LRTI hospitalizations were identified by the first 2 listed International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision discharge codes; those with ICU admission and/or receiving mechanical ventilation were defined as severe LRTI. Underlying conditions were determined from out-and inpatient discharge codes in the preceding year. We report insurance specific and combined rates that used both commercial and Medicaid rates and adjusted for age and insurance status. RESULTS:During 2007-2011, we identified 16 797 and 12 053 severe LRTI hospitalizations among commercial and Medicaid enrollees, respectively. The rates of severe LRTI hospitalizations per 100 000 person-years were highest in children aged ,1 year (commercial: 244; Medicaid: 372, respectively), and decreased with age. Among commercial enrollees, $1 condition increased the risk for severe LRTI (1 condition: adjusted relative risk, 2.68; 95% confidence interval, 2.58-2.78; 3 conditions: adjusted relative risk, 4.85; 95% confidence interval, 4.65-5.07) compared with children with no medical conditions. Using commercial/Medicaid combined rates, an estimated 31 289 hospitalizations for severe LRTI occurred each year in children in the United States.CONCLUSIONS: Among children, the burden of hospitalization for severe LRTI is greatest among children aged ,1 year. Children with underlying medical conditions are at greatest risk for severe LRTI hospitalization. Pediatrics 2014;134:546-554 AUTHORS:

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Children With Asthma Hospitalized With Seasonal or Pandemic Influenza, 2003–2009

Cited by 76 publications

References 10 publications

Eosinophils Promote Antiviral Immunity in Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus

Eosinophils Promote Antiviral Immunity in Mice Infected with Influenza A Virus

2012/13 influenza vaccine effectiveness against hospitalised influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2) and B: estimates from a European network of hospitals

Hospitalizations for Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections

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