Children with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Relationships between symptoms and executive function, theory of mind, and behavioral problems

Berenguer, Carmen; Miranda, Belén Roselló; Diago, Carla Colomer; Baixauli, Inmaculada; Miranda, Ana

doi:10.1016/j.ridd.2018.10.001

Cited by 59 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…However, compared with typically developing children, relatively less attention has been directed to the study of PA in children with ADHD/ASD. Given that previous studies in typically developing children generally reported PA benefits EF and MS, especially in inhibitory control (Berenguer et al, 2018) and gross motor development (Wrotniak et al, 2006;Lopes et al, 2011), PA has the potential to be used as a strategy to improve EF and MS in children with ADHD/ASD.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Physical Activity for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Purpose: To explore the effects of physical activity (PA) intervention on executive function (EF) and motor skills (MS) among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and/or autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: Relevant studies were sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI and Wanfang Data. Only randomized controlled trials (RCT) were included based upon the following criteria: (1) participants were children and clinically diagnosed with ADHD/ASD, (2) intervention strategies were identified as chronic physical activity, and (3) EF (e.g., cognitive flexibility) and/or MS (e.g., gross motor skills) were measured at baseline and post-intervention and compared with an eligible control group. Results: Eleven studies involving 346 participants were finally identified. PA elicited significant improvements in EF and MS in children with ADHD/ASD. Regarding changes in the EF of participants, PA showed a great improvement in overall EF [standardized mean difference (SMD): 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.49-1.30, p < 0.00001], inhibitory control (SMD: 1.30, 95% CI 0.58-2.02, p = 0.0004) and cognitive flexibility (SMD: 0.85, 95% CI 0.42-1.29, p = 0.0001), but no significant improvement in working memory (SMD: 0.28, 95% CI −0.15-0.71, p = 0.20). Significant improvements were also found with respect to gross motor skills (SMD: 0.80, 95% CI 0.30-1.30, p = 0.002), but no significant changes were found in fine motor skills (SMD: 0.30, 95% CI −0.91-1.52, p = 0.62). Conclusion: Chronic PA interventions may promote EF and MS in children with ADHD/ASD, especially in inhibitory control, cognitive flexibility, and gross motor skills. However, PA interventions seemed to have insignificant effects on working memory and fine motor skills to children with ADHD/ASD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Physical Activity for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…Episodic memory helps individuals to maintain goals and task rules and is thought to be impaired in ASD [Ben Shalom, 2003; Bowler, Gaigg, & Lind, 2011]. Finally, ADHD symptoms can exacerbate EC problems in autistic persons [Berenguer, Rosello, Colomer, Baixauli, & Miranda, 2018].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using the NIH Toolbox to Assess Cognition in Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2020

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Despite the clinically significant impact of executive dysfunction on the outcomes of adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), we lack a clear understanding of its prevalence, profile, and development. To address this gap, we administered the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery to a cross‐sectional Intelligence Quotient (IQ) case‐matched cohort with ASD (n = 66) and typical development (TD; n = 66) ages 12–22. We used a general linear model framework to examine group differences in task performance and their associations with age. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify subgroups of individuals with similar cognitive profiles. Compared to IQ case‐matched controls, ASD demonstrated poorer performance on inhibitory control (P < 0.001), cognitive flexibility (P < 0.001), episodic memory (P < 0.02), and processing speed (P < 0.001) (components of Fluid Cognition), but not on vocabulary or word reading (components of Crystallized Cognition). There was a significant positive association between age and Crystallized and Fluid Cognition in both groups. For Fluid (but not Crystallized) Cognition, ASD performed more poorly than TD at all ages. A four‐group LPA model based on subtest scores best fit the data. Eighty percent of ASD belonged to two groups that exhibited relatively stronger Crystallized versus Fluid Cognition. Attention deficits were not associated with Toolbox subtest scores, but were lowest in the group with the lowest proportion of autistic participants. Adaptive functioning was poorer in the groups with the greatest proportion of autistic participants. Autistic persons are especially impaired on Fluid Cognition, and this more flexible form of thinking remains poorer in the ASD group through adolescence. Lay Summary A set of brief tests of cognitive functioning called the NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery was administered to adolescents and young adults with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; n = 66) and typical development (TD; n = 66) ages 12–22 years. Compared to TD, ASD showed poorer performance in inhibiting responses, acting flexibly, memorizing events, and processing information quickly (Fluid Cognition). Groups did not differ on vocabulary or word reading (Crystallized Cognition). Crystallized and Fluid Cognition increased with age in both groups, but the ASD group showed lower Fluid, but not Crystallized, Cognition than TD at all ages. A categorization analysis including all participants showed that most participants with ASD fell into one of two categories: a group characterized by poor performance across all tasks, or a group characterized by relatively stronger Crystallized compared to Fluid Cognition. Adaptive functioning was poorer for participants in these groups, which consisted of mostly individuals with ASD, while ADHD symptoms were lowest in the group with the greatest proportion of TD participants.

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“…Beide Störungen verbessern sich meist im Laufe des Lebens durch optimierte Kompensationsleistungen, sind jedoch meist auch im Erwachsenenalter mit signifikanten Einbußen in der Lebensqualität assoziiert und können zu erheblichen Schwierigkeiten in beruflichen, familiären und sozialen Bereichen führen. Symptomatisch finden sich ebenso Überschneidungen hinsichtlich Aufmerksamkeitsstörung, Reizüberflutung und Ablenkbarkeit, interaktionellen Schwierigkeiten mit Peers, Schwierigkeiten in der sozialen Kognition, Unruhe und impulsivem Verhalten, Defiziten in den Exekutivfunktionen und der Theory of Mind (TOM) [71][72][73][74][75][76].…”

Section: Differenzialdiagnostische Unterschiedeunclassified

“…Während bei ASS Einschränkungen in der reziproken Kommunikation und Interaktion charakteristische Merkmale der Störung sind, die auf ein "Kerndefizit" zurückgeführt werden, so wird dies bei ADHS häufig als Folge der Unaufmerksamkeit und der Ablenkbarkeit angesehen. Dennoch scheint es auch bei von ADHS Betroffenen Einschränkungen in affektiven Verarbeitungsprozessen und der ToM zu geben, wobei die Unterscheidung was ursächlich an den berichteten sozialen Einschränkungen beteiligt ist, klinisch teilweise herausfordernd ist [54,72,80]. Liegen beide Störungen gleichzeitig vor, so sind diese Fähigkeiten ausgeprägter eingeschränkt.…”

Section: Differenzialdiagnostische Unterschiedeunclassified

ADHS und hochfunktionale Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen

Schöttle¹,

Schimmelmann

Elst

2019

Nervenheilkunde

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNGADHS und ASS sind früh beginnenden neuronale Entwicklungsstörungen, die häufig gemeinsam vorkommen. Sie haben anteilig eine gemeinsame genetische Grundlage, die sich sowohl in der Auftretenswahrscheinlichkeit beim selben Individuum als auch in den Familien der Betroffenen zeigt. Die Unterscheidung, um welche Störung es sich handelt oder ob diese als Komorbidität vorliegt, erfordert eine genaue diagnostische Längsschnittuntersuchung unter Einbeziehung von möglichst viel Fremdinformation. Die psychopharmakologische Behandlung der ADHS ist ähnlich wie beim alleinigen Vorliegen einer ADHS, allerdings sollten die eingesetzten Substanzen zunächst in deutlich niedrigerer Dosierung begonnen und nach Klinik gesteigert werden.

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Children with autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Relationships between symptoms and executive function, theory of mind, and behavioral problems

Abstract: Title Children with autism spectrum disorder and comorbid attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Relationships between symptoms and executive function, social cognition, and behavioral problems

Cited by 59 publications

References 49 publications

Chronic Physical Activity for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Chronic Physical Activity for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and/or Autism Spectrum Disorder in Children: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Using the NIH Toolbox to Assess Cognition in Adolescents and Young Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders

ADHS und hochfunktionale Autismus-Spektrum-Störungen

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