Children with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis Diagnosed with Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Magnetic Resonance Angiography

Prenatal diagnosis of thrombosis of the dural sinuses with real‐time and color Doppler ultrasound

“…Before 1980, there were no reports of neonatal dural sinus thrombosis, other than in postmortem examination studies of asphyxiated newborns 5 . Early reports emphasized an association with trauma and underlying systemic conditions such as sepsis, meningitis and dehydration 1,6 . More recent studies have also focused upon hypercoagulopathy caused by polycythemia 7,8 or deficiency of physiological anticoagulants (antithrombin, protein C or protein S, factor V Leiden mutation) 9,10 .…”

“…More recent studies have also focused upon hypercoagulopathy caused by polycythemia 7,8 or deficiency of physiological anticoagulants (antithrombin, protein C or protein S, factor V Leiden mutation) 9,10 . Prematurity and perinatal asphyxia are considered predisposing factors 1,10,11 . A possible role of maternal pre-eclampsia has also been suggested 1 .…”

“…In particular, magnetic resonance angiography has the capability to demonstrate absence or reduction of blood flow within the occluded sinuses 1 . Color Doppler ultrasound has been suggested recently for the evaluation and follow-up of high-risk infants 17 .…”

“…The natural history is variable. In the absence of perinatal asphyxia, normal neurodevelopmental outcome is likely and the risk of seizure recurrence is low 1 . A poor outcome should be expected especially in preterm neonates, and in cases of secondary cerebral sinus thrombosis.…”

“…Thrombosis of the cerebral venous circulation in newborns has been reported and in some cases predisposing factors such as asphyxia, polycythemia, coagulopathy, infection and trauma have been identified 1 . In many cases, however, the condition is idiopathic.…”