Children With Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Demonstrate Deficits on Multiple Measures of Concept Formation

McGee, Christie L.; Schonfeld, Amy M.; Roebuck-Spencer, Tresa; Riley, Edward P.; Mattson, Sarah N.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00707.x

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Overall, the articles that assessed intellectual functioning in individuals prenatally exposed to alcohol found general impairment in intelligence. 13,15,16,20,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34]45 This fi nding was consistent with the revisions included in this study. 11,12,22,32,38,39 Curiously, while compiling the studies data, we found that the intellectual performance injury occurs diff erently depending on the individual diagnosis.…”

Section: General Intelligencesupporting

confidence: 78%

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2017

JPTCP

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Section: General Intelligencesupporting

confidence: 78%

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2017

JPTCP

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“…Not surprisingly, impairments in executive control are associated with reduced quality of life due to negative impact on employment, managing finances and personal relationships (Royall et al, 2002). The specific impairment seen in the current study is particularly intriguing given evidence from the clinical literature that executive control is impaired in individuals with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (McGee et al, 2008). Further, executive functioning has been shown to predict level of social skill, suggesting that alterations in these domains may underlie a wide range of deficits after PAE (Schonfeld et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Executive Function in Mice into Adulthood

Marquardt

Sigdel

Caldwell

et al. 2014

Alcoholism Clin & Exp Res

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Background Despite evidence that prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) can lead to a wide range of impairments in cognitive, social and emotional behaviors, drinking during pregnancy remains common. Although there is a general understanding that high levels of drinking during pregnancy are unsafe, conflicting evidence regarding the impact of low intake may account for the persistence of this behavior. Methods In order to investigate the effects of PAE on learning and executive control we utilized a voluntary paradigm where pregnant mice had access to a saccharin sweetened 10% alcohol solution for 4 hours, during the dark cycle, throughout gestation. Male and female offspring were tested as adults on a touch-screen discrimination and reversal task mediated by corticostriatal circuits. Results Consistent with previous findings, PAE did not lead to gross morphological, motor or sensory alterations in offspring. Both PAE and saccharin control female mice were slower to acquire the discrimination than males, but PAE did not impair associative learning in either sex. During reversal, PAE led to a specific and significant impairment in the early phase, where cortical control is most required to flexibly alter choice behavior. PAE mice showed a significant increase in maladaptive perseverative responses but showed intact learning of the new association during late reversal. Conclusions Previously, data from clinical studies have suggested that executive control deficits may underlie cognitive, as well as social, problems seen in adolescents with documented PAE. These data demonstrate that even more moderate alcohol exposure during development can lead to impaired cognitive functioning well into adulthood.

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“…There is considerable support for the relation between FASD and weaknesses in the three EF components in Miyake's model: working memory (e.g., Malisza et al 2012;O'Hare et al 2009), inhibition (e.g., Fryer et al 2007;Mattson et al 1999) and set-shifting (e.g., Kodituwakku et al 2001b;McGee et al 2008). Despite numerous studies demonstrating a significant relation between FASD and widespread EF deficits, considerable variability has been found in terms of types of EF assessed, methodology and findings (Rasmussen 2005).…”

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confidence: 95%

Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol: A Meta-Analytic Review

2015

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Prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with a constellation of adverse physical, neurocognitive and behavior outcomes, which comprise a continuum of disorders labeled Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD). Extant research has consistently identified executive functions (EF) as a central impairment associated with FASD. Despite this, heterogeneity exists regarding the strength of the association between FASD and different EF, and this association has not yet been quantitatively synthesized. The current meta-analysis reviews 46 studies that compare children and adolescents with FASD to participants without FASD, on a variety of EF measures. In accordance with Miyake et al. Cognitive Psychology, 41, 49-100 (2000) three-factor model of EF, findings for the primary EF domains of working memory, inhibition, and set shifting are reviewed. Results indicate that children and adolescents with FASD demonstrate significant deficits across these EF, although the magnitude of effects diverged between EF, with working memory and inhibition yielding medium effects and set shifting yielding large effects. These results were moderated by sample characteristics, type of FASD diagnosis, and EF methodology. This quantitative synthesis offers novel future research directions.

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Children With Heavy Prenatal Alcohol Exposure Demonstrate Deficits on Multiple Measures of Concept Formation

Cited by 53 publications

References 29 publications

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Prenatal Ethanol Exposure Impairs Executive Function in Mice into Adulthood

Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol: A Meta-Analytic Review

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