Chilling consequences: Herbarium records reveal earlier reproductive phenology of winter annual gladecress in a wetter, cooler climate

Banaszak, Caitlin; Grinath, Joshua B.; Herlihy, Christopher R.

doi:10.1002/ppp3.10095

Cited by 10 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…The results presented here add to the mounting evidence that plants have responded to climate change (specifically, increases in temperature) by advancing their flowering date (Parmesan and Yohe, 2003; Cleland et al, 2007; but see Banaszak et al, 2020); however, our study is one of the few to detect intraspecific variation in the magnitude of temporal shifts within a wide‐ranging species (Prevéy et al, 2017; Rafferty et al, 2020). Among all individuals of S. tortuosus sampled in this study, flowering date advanced 10 days during the past century, but this pattern was driven by the advancement of individuals collected in warm regions, which exhibited a 20‐day advancement in flowering date (Figure 3, Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Region‐specific phenological sensitivities and rates of climate warming generate divergent temporal shifts in flowering date across a species' range

Love

Mazer

2021

American J of Botany

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Premise Forecasting how species will respond phenologically to future changes in climate is a major challenge. Many studies have focused on estimating species‐ and community‐wide phenological sensitivities to climate to make such predictions, but sensitivities may vary within species, which could result in divergent phenological responses to climate change. Methods We used 743 herbarium specimens of the mountain jewelflower (Streptanthus tortuosus, Brassicaceae) collected over 112 years to investigate whether individuals sampled from relatively warm vs. cool regions differ in their sensitivity to climate and whether this difference has resulted in divergent phenological shifts in response to climate warming. Results During the past century, individuals sampled from warm regions exhibited a 20‐day advancement in flowering date; individuals in cool regions showed no evidence of a shift. We evaluated two potential drivers of these divergent responses: differences between regions in (1) the degree of phenological sensitivity to climate and (2) the magnitude of climate change experienced by plants, or (3) both. Plants sampled from warm regions were more sensitive to temperature‐related variables and were subjected to a greater degree of climate warming than those from cool regions; thus our results suggest that the greater temporal shift in flowering date in warm regions is driven by both of these factors. Conclusions Our results are among the first to demonstrate that species exhibited intraspecific variation in sensitivity to climate and that this variation can contribute to divergent responses to climate change. Future studies attempting to forecast temporal shifts in phenology should consider intraspecific variation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Region‐specific phenological sensitivities and rates of climate warming generate divergent temporal shifts in flowering date across a species' range

Love

Mazer

2021

American J of Botany

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“…We focus the spatial extent of our study in Missouri, a state that occurs in the eastern central portion of the United States (Appendix S1) and exhibits a seasonal temperate climate (Appendix S2). Notably, across the past century, the eastern two‐thirds of the US has experienced higher annual precipitation (NOAA, 2021) and, although mean annual temperature has increased on average across the country, temperature has decreased in certain areas near the central United States (e.g., Banaszak et al, 2020; NOAA, 2021). In Missouri, when described by linear trends, total annual precipitation has increased by 7.9 mm (±4.2 SE) decade −1 and mean annual temperature has decreased by 0.029°C (±0.019 SE) decade −1 from 1895 to 2015 (Figure 2).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then calculated mean annual temperature and total annual precipitation by respectively taking the mean of monthly mean temperatures and the sum of monthly total precipitation ranging from July in the year prior to collection to June in the year of collection. Accordingly, our climate data represent county‐wide measures of temperature and precipitation spanning a year from the summer prior to collection through spring in the year of collection, thus capturing weather in the spring reproductive season and the preceding winter and fall (Banaszak et al, 2020). We matched each specimen sheet to the climate trend in their county of collection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change is associated with increased allocation to potential outcrossing in a common mixed mating species

Austin

Cole

Olsen

et al. 2022

American J of Botany

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Premise Although the balance between cross‐ and self‐fertilization is driven by the environment, no long‐term study has documented whether anthropogenic climate change is affecting reproductive strategy allocation in species with mixed mating systems. Here, we test whether the common blue violet (Viola sororia; Violaceae) has altered relative allocation to the production of potentially outcrossing flowers as the climate has changed throughout the 20th century. Methods Using herbarium records spanning from 1875 to 2015 from the central United States, we quantified production of obligately selfing cleistogamous (CL) flowers and potentially outcrossing chasmogamous (CH) flowers by V. sororia, coupled these records with historic temperature and precipitation data, and tested whether changes to the proportion of CL flowers correlate with temporal climate trends. Results We find that V. sororia progressively produced lower proportions of CL flowers across the past century and in environments with lower mean annual temperature and higher total annual precipitation. We also find that both CL and CH flower phenology has advanced across this time period. Conclusions Our results suggest that V. sororia has responded to lower temperatures and greater water availability by shifting reproductive strategy allocation away from selfing and toward potential outcrossing. This provides the first long‐term study of how climate change may affect relative allocation to potential outcrossing in species with mixed mating systems. By revealing that CL flowering is associated with low water availability and high temperature, our results suggest the production of obligately selfing flowers is favored in water limited environments.

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“…For example, estimates of phenological sensitivity in studies using climate data obtained from meteorological stations located several kilometers away from collection sites (e.g. ≥ 25 km; Hart et al 2014, Davis et al 2015, Ellwood et al 2019, Banaszak et al 2020) may be only modestly influenced by collection site uncertainty. Recently, however, herbarium‐based phenological research has investigated responses to climate across large geographic areas using finer‐grained (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial uncertainty in herbarium data: simulated displacement but not error distance alters estimates of phenological sensitivity to climate in a widespread California wildflower

Gamble

Mazer

2022

Ecography

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Herbarium records provide a broad spatial and temporal range with which to investigate plant responses to environmental change. Research on plant phenology and its sensitivity to climate has advanced with the increasing availability of digitized herbarium specimens, but limitations of specimen-derived data can undermine the inferences derived from such research. One issue that has received little attention is collection site uncertainty (i.e. error distance), a measure of confidence in the location from which a specimen was collected. We conducted comparative analyses of phenoclimatic models to determine whether spatial deviations of 2, 5, 15 or 25 km between recorded and simulated collection sites, as well as the error distance reported in digitized records, affect estimates of the phenological sensitivity of flowering time to annual temperature and precipitation in a widespread annual California wildflower. In this approach, we considered both spatial and interannual variation in climatic conditions. Simulated site displacements led to increasingly weak estimates of phenological sensitivity to temperature and precipitation anomalies with increasing distances. However, we found no significant effect of reported error distance magnitude on estimates of phenological sensitivity to climate normals or anomalies. These findings suggest that the spatial uncertainty of collection sites among specimens of widely collected plant species may not adversely affect estimates of phenological sensitivity to climate, even though real discrepancies and georeferencing inaccuracy can negatively impact such estimates. Collection site uncertainty merits further attention as a potential source of noise in herbarium data, especially for research on how plant traits respond to spatial and interannual climatic variation.

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Chilling consequences: Herbarium records reveal earlier reproductive phenology of winter annual gladecress in a wetter, cooler climate

Abstract: This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Cited by 10 publications

References 74 publications

Region‐specific phenological sensitivities and rates of climate warming generate divergent temporal shifts in flowering date across a species' range

Region‐specific phenological sensitivities and rates of climate warming generate divergent temporal shifts in flowering date across a species' range

Climate change is associated with increased allocation to potential outcrossing in a common mixed mating species

Spatial uncertainty in herbarium data: simulated displacement but not error distance alters estimates of phenological sensitivity to climate in a widespread California wildflower

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