Chilling Injury in the Housefly: Evidence for the Role of Oxidative Stress between Pupariation and Emergence

Rojas, Robert R.; Leopold, Roger A.

doi:10.1006/cryo.1996.0045

Cited by 84 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…In the case of mild and/or short 52 cold exposures, chill susceptible insects may recover from a chill coma and regain full 53 neuromuscular function and the time it takes for an insect to stand following removal from a cold 54 exposure is termed chill coma recovery time (CCRT) (Jean David et al, 1998;Macdonald et al, 55 2004; MacMillan and . Following an intense cold exposure (longer duration 56 and/or lower temperature), chill-susceptible insects acquire irreversible injuries and eventually 57 die (Koštál et al, 2004;Koštál et al, 2006;Rojas and Leopold, 1996) and rates of survival 58 following chilling are also regularly used as a measure of insect cold tolerance (Andersen et al,59 2015; MacMillan et al, 2015a; Sinclair et al, 2015). While there is often a high degree of 60 covariance in these three metrics, the mechanisms that underlie each of them is different and 61 in hemolymph water content (Koštál et induced hyperkalemia further depolarizes resting membrane potential by reducing the K + 107 gradient necessary for passive K + leak, and it is these cumulative short-and long-term 108 depolarizations that has been linked to cellular damage in locusts (MacMillan et al, 2015c).…”

Section: Chill Susceptibility In Insects 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Plasticity of the gut and the Malpighian tubules underlies cold acclimation and mitigates cold-induced hyperkalemia inDrosophila melanogaster

Yerushalmi

Misyura

MacMillan

et al. 2017

Preprint

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(which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.The copyright holder for this preprint . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/224832 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online 2 Abstract 22At low temperatures, Drosophila, like most insects, lose the ability to regulate ion and water 23 balance across the gut epithelia, which can lead to a lethal increase of [K + ] in the hemolymph 24 (hyperkalemia). Cold-acclimation, the physiological response to low temperature exposure, can 25 mitigate or entirely prevent these ion imbalances, but the physiological mechanisms that 26 facilitate this process are not well understood. Here, we test whether plasticity in the 27 ionoregulatory physiology of the gut and Malpighian tubules of Drosophila may aid in 28 preserving ion homeostasis in the cold. Upon adult emergence, D. melanogaster females were 29 subjected to seven days at warm (25°C) or cold (10°C) acclimation conditions. The cold 30 acclimated flies had a lower critical thermal minimum (CTmin), recovered from chill coma more 31 quickly, and better maintained hemolymph K + balance in the cold. The improvements in chill 32 tolerance coincided with increased Malpighian tubule fluid secretion and better maintenance of 33 K + secretion rates in the cold, as well as reduced rectal K + reabsorption in cold-acclimated flies. 34To test whether modulation of ion-motive ATPases, the main drivers of epithelial transport in the 35 alimentary canal, mediate these changes, we measured the activities of Na + -K + -ATPase and V-36 type H + -ATPase at the Malpighian tubules, midgut, and hindgut. Na + /K + -ATPase and V-type H + -37ATPase activities were lower in the midgut and the Malpighian tubules of cold-acclimated flies, 38 but unchanged in the hindgut of cold acclimated flies, and were not predictive of the observed 39 alterations in K + transport. Our results suggest that modification of Malpighian tubule and gut 40 ion and water transport likely prevents cold-induced hyperkalemia in cold-acclimated flies and 41 that this process is not directly related to the activities of the main drivers of ion transport in 42 these organs, Na + /K + -and V-type H + -ATPases. 43All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission.(which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity.

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Section: Chill Susceptibility In Insects 45mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional Plasticity of the gut and the Malpighian tubules underlies cold acclimation and mitigates cold-induced hyperkalemia inDrosophila melanogaster

Yerushalmi

Misyura

MacMillan

et al. 2017

Preprint

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“…Glutathione synthesis is influenced by environmental variability in different taxa. Accordingly, environmental temperature (houseflies: Rojas and Leopold 1996;fish: Leggatt et al 2007;birds: Del Vesco et al 2014;rats: DeQuiroga et al 1991) and exposure to different pollutants (e.g., in birds: Galván and AlonsoAlvarez 2009;Wlostowski et al 2010) significantly affect glutathione levels. Moreover, poor nutrition also depletes glutathione levels in pigs (Jahoor et al 1995), laboratory rodents (e.g., Feoli et al 2006;Fetoui et al 2007;Partadiredja et al 2009), and humans (e.g., Reid et al 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Level of an Intracellular Antioxidant during Development Determines the Adult Phenotype in a Bird Species: A Potential Organizer Role for Glutathione

Romero-Haro

Alonso‐Álvarez

2015

The American Naturalist

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Online enhancement: appendix. Dryad data: http://dx.doi.org/10.5061/dryad.1rd58.abstract: Life-history traits are often involved in trade-offs whose outcome would depend on the availability of resources but also on the state of specific molecular signals. Early conditions can influence trade-offs and program the phenotype throughout the lifetime, with oxidative stress likely involved in many taxa. Here we address the potential regulatory role of a single intracellular antioxidant in lifehistory trade-offs. Blood glutathione levels were reduced in a large sample of birds (zebra finch Taeniopygia guttata) during development using the synthesis inhibitor buthionine sulfoximine (BSO). Results revealed several modifications in the adult phenotype. BSO-treated nestlings showed lower glutathione and plasma antioxidant levels. In adulthood, BSO birds endured greater oxidative damage in erythrocytes but stronger expression of a sexual signal. Moreover, adult BSO females also showed weaker resistance to oxidative stress but were heavier and showed better body condition. Results suggest that low glutathione values during growth favor the investment in traits that should improve fitness returns, probably in the form of early reproduction. Higher oxidative stress in adulthood may be endured if this cost is paid later in life. Either the presence of specific signaling mechanisms or the indirect effect of increased oxidative stress can explain our findings.

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“…Direct chilling injury occurs over a period of minutes to hours and is thought to result from cell membrane phase transitions from the liquid crystalline to the gel phase during rapid cooling (Quinn, 1985;Drobnis et al, 1993). Indirect chilling injury occurs over a period of days to weeks, and proposed mechanisms include changes in membrane phase, mismatching of metabolic pathways, oxidative stress and loss of ion homeostasis (Rojas and Leopold, 1996;Yocum, 2001;Kostál et al, 2004;Kostál et al, 2006). Although the physiological nature of chilling injury is largely unknown, the injury itself can be identified in the animal by a loss of coordination (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the gut in insect chilling injury: cold-induced disruption of osmoregulation in the fall field cricket,Gryllus pennsylvanicus

MacMillan

Sinclair

2011

Journal of Experimental Biology

153

176

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SUMMARYTo predict the effects of changing climates on insect distribution and abundance, a clear understanding of the mechanisms that underlie critical thermal limits is required. In insects, the loss of muscle function and onset of cold-induced injury has previously been correlated with a loss of muscle resting potential. To determine the cause of this loss of function, we measured the effects of cold exposure on ion and water homeostasis in muscle tissue, hemolymph and the alimentary canal of the fall field cricket, Gryllus pennsylvanicus, during an exposure to 0°C that caused chilling injury and death. Low temperature exposure had little effect on muscle osmotic balance but it dissipated muscle ion equilibrium potentials through interactions between the hemolymph and gut. Hemolymph volume declined by 84% during cold exposure whereas gut water content rose in a comparable manner. This rise in water content was driven by a failure to maintain osmotic equilibrium across the gut wall, which resulted in considerable migration of Na + , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ into the alimentary canal during cold exposure. This loss of homeostasis is likely to be a primary mechanism driving the cold-induced loss of muscle excitability and progression of chilling injury in chill-susceptible insect species.Supplementary material available online at

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Chilling Injury in the Housefly: Evidence for the Role of Oxidative Stress between Pupariation and Emergence

Cited by 84 publications

References 0 publications

Functional Plasticity of the gut and the Malpighian tubules underlies cold acclimation and mitigates cold-induced hyperkalemia inDrosophila melanogaster

Functional Plasticity of the gut and the Malpighian tubules underlies cold acclimation and mitigates cold-induced hyperkalemia inDrosophila melanogaster

The Level of an Intracellular Antioxidant during Development Determines the Adult Phenotype in a Bird Species: A Potential Organizer Role for Glutathione

The role of the gut in insect chilling injury: cold-induced disruption of osmoregulation in the fall field cricket,Gryllus pennsylvanicus

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